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Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ ɚBA – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ, ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԛɞɟɭɿ. Ȼԝɥ ԛɞɟɭɞɿ ɟɤɿ ԛɞɟɭɝɟ ɠɿɤɬɟɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɨɥɚɪ: BA ɫɵɡɵԑɵ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɩɨɥɸɫɤɟ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɝɟɬɚɪɬԕɵɲ
o
( n ) BA
ԛɞɟɭɿ ɚ BA ɠԥɧɟ ɫɵɡɵԑɵɧɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ԛɞɟɭɿ
o
( ɚWBA ). Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, 49-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ
o o o o
n (50)
ɚB ɚA ɚ BA ɚWBA
ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ȼԝɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɚ n AB Z 2 , ɚWBA AB H , ɚBA AB H 2 Z 4 .
BA
ȿɫɤɟɪɬɭɥɟɪ:
oo
- n ɚWBA B
ɚ BA ɠԥɧɟ ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɬɿɤ
ɠԥɧɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɦɟɧ ɲɚɬɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ ɚɥɦɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ȼԝɥɚɪ – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ
ɮɢɝɭɪɚɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ, ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԛɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ
ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵ.
o
- ɟɝɟɪ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ԛɞɟɦɟɥɟɩ ɚɣɧɚɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɚWBA ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ (37 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ); ɟɝɟɪ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɛԥɫɟԙɞɟɩ ɚɣɧɚɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
o
W ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (37 ɛ-ɫɭɪɟɬ);
ɚ BA
- ɩɨɥɸɫ A ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɫɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɢɫɵԕ ɫɵɡɵԕ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɤԧɩ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ( ɚA ) ɨɪɧɵɧɚ ɨɧɵԙ ɬɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵɧ
ɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ:
o oo oo
n ɚWA n W . (50ɚ)
ɚB ɚ A ɚ BA ɚ BA
§8. Ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɥɟɡɞɿɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ
Ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԑɵɧɞɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟ ɠɚɬԕɚɧ, ԥɪ ɭɚԕɵɬ ɤɟɡɟԙɿɧɞɟ Z ɠԥɧɟ H
ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ ɛɿɪ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ԛɲɿɧ, ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɭɚԕɵɬ ɤɟɡɟԙɿɧɞɟ ԛɞɟɭɿ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɧԛɤɬɟ – ΟɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿΝ
ɥɟɡɞɿɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɦɚɧɵ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɣɿɤ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ, ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ (Z ) ɦɟɧ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ԛɞɟɭɿ ( H ) ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɧɵԙ A ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ
o
ԛɞɟɭɿ ( ɚA ) ɛɟɪɿɥɫɿɧ (38-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
o
ɉɨɥɸɫ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ A ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɩ, ɚA ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɦɟɧ D ɛԝɪɵɲɵɧ
ԕԝɪɚɣɬɵɧ AC ɬԛɡɭɿɧ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɣɿɤ. Ȼԝɥ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԙ ԧɪɧɟɝɿ:
124
