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Vɞ N ɞ ˜V ɫɬ ; V max Nɞ ˜V max . (61)
ɞ ɫɬ

Ȼɟɪiɤɬiɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ:

> @V max ɤɞ ˜ V max d V . (62)
ɞ ɫɬ

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɟɞɿ ɞɟ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɤɟ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɥɟɞɿ.
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɧɵ ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ԧɫɭɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ:

Aɬɟɪ E ˜ G ɧ 1 ˜Gɧ ,

ª 2 º 2 4n12 ˜ Z 2
«1 »
«¬ ¨©¨§ Z ¹¸·¸ »¼ Z 4
Z0 0

ɤɞ 1 Gɧ ˜E . (63)
G ɫɬ

Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝi:

G ɧ – ԝɣɵɬԕɭ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ;

Zɨ – ɫɟɪɩɿɦɞɿ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ;

Z – ɦԥɠɛԛɪ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ;

E – ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ԧɫɭɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ;
n1 – ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ԧɲɭɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ.

3-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɄȿɊɇȿɍɅȿɊȱ ɋȿɊɉȱɆȾȱɅȱɄ ɒȿȽȱɇȿɇ ȺɋԔȺɇ
ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɌȿɊȾȱ ȿɋȿɉɌȿɍ

Ԧɬɤɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɭɥɚɪɞɚ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɛɿɡ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɫɟɪɩɿɦɞɿɥɿɤ ɲɟɝɿɧɟɧ
ɚɫɩɚԑɚɧ ɞɟɩ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɟɞɿɤ. Ⱥɥ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ (ɫɟɪɿɩɩɟɥɟɪ, ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɤɚ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɠɚɫɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɛԝɣɵɦɞɚɪ, ɪɚɤɟɬɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.) ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ
ɦɟɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɫɟɪɩɿɦɞɿɥɿɤ ɲɟɝɿɧɟɧ ɚɫɵɩ ɠɚɬɚɬɵɧɵ ɞɚ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ. Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ Ƚɭɤ ɡɚԙɵ ԧɡ ɤԛɲɿɧ ɠɨɹɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ
ɦɟɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵԕ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɝɿ ɛɚɫԕɚ
ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤɩɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɛԝɞɚɧ ɛԝɪɵɧ ɚɣɬԕɚɧ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɛɵɡ.

§1. ȿɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɿԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɤɬɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨɡɵɥɭ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ
ȿɝɟɪ ɛԝɪɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɈȺ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚɧ (17-
ɫɭɪɟɬ) ɚɫɩɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ H ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɟɥɟɭɥɿ
ɬԛɪɞɟ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɚɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ԛɥɤɟɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ

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