Page 182 - index

§3. ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿ ɛɨɥɦɚԑɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ (ɚɦɚɥɫɵɡ) ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɿ
ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɿɧ ɬɭɞɵɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɨɧɵ ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɟɧ
ɲɵԑɚɪԑɚɧɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɨԑɚɧ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿ ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɟɧ ɲɵԑɚɪԑɚɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɥɿ ɤԛɲ, ɨɞɚɧ
ԥɪɿ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɞɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟ ɛɟɪɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ
ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɚɦɚɥɫɵɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝԑɚɧ ɦɵɫɵɥ
ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɬɟɦɿɪ ɠɨɥ ɤԧɩɿɪɿɧ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ: ɪɟɥɶɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɨɫɵɥԑɚɧ ɠɟɪɥɟɪɿɧɟ
ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɨԕԕɵɫɵ ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɿɧ ɬɭɞɵɪɚɞɵ.
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɚɣɬɵɩ ɤɟɬɤɟɧɞɟɣ, ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ɤԛɲɬɿ ɚɭɵɬΙɵɬΙɵɲ
ɤΟɲɬɟɪɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚԑɚɧɛɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ, ɭɚԕɵɬԕɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ
ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԕɩɟɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɿɩ ɨɬɵɪɚɞɵ. Ȼɿɡ ɛԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ
ɠɢɿ ɤɟɡɞɟɫɟɬɿɧ ɬԛɪɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɣɦɿɡ, ɹԑɧɢ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɬԛɡɭɝɟ ɛԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɫɢɧɭɫ ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԑɵɦɟɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɬɿɧ ɬԛɪɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɣɦɿɡ. Ɉɥ ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԕ:

Qx H sin( pt G ) . (37)

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ:
H – ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥ) ɲɚɦɚɫɵ. Ʉɟɣɞɟ ɛԝɥ
ɲɚɦɚɧɵ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ;
p – ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ;

G – ɨɫɵ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɮɚɡɚɫɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɬɵɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɥ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ: ɚ) ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ; ԥ) ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ
ɤԛɲ. Ԥɡɿɪɲɟ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿ ɤԛɲɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɦɟɣɦɿɡ.
ȿɝɟɪ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɿ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɚɫɵ O - ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ (10-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

10-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ: Fx cx , Qx H sin( pt G ) .

xx

ɇԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ: m x cx H sin( pt G )

ɧɟɦɟɫɟ

xx k 2 x h sin( pt G ) . (38)

x

Ȼԝɥ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ

k2 c , h H . (39)
mm

38-ɬɟΝɞɟɭɞɿΝ ɲɟɲɭɿɧ x x1 x2 ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ:

180