Page 184 - index
P. 184
B h. (44)
k2 p2
Ɇɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ɛԝɪɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧɛɵɡ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɛԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟ
ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɝɟ ɬɨԕɬɚɥɚɣɵԕ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿɞɟɧ, ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪԑɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ
ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ x2 ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɟ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥɚɪ ɤɿɪɦɟɣɬɿɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ,
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɞɟ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
ȿɤɿɧɲɿɞɟɧ, ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ,
ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿɧɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ ( p ) ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ
ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿɧɟɧ ( k ) ɚɡ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɤԧɩ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ. ȿɝɟɪ:
– p % k ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤɿɲɿ ɠɢɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ, ɚɥ ɛԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ
ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ:
x2 B sin( pt G ) . (45)
– p k ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɢɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ, ɚɥ ɛԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ
ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ:
x2 B sin( pt G S ) . (46)
ɋɨԙԑɵ ɟɤɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɟɧ ɠɚɫɚɣɬɵɧ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ: ȿɝɟɪ p % k ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɧԛɤɬɟ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ɛɨɣɧɲɚ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ; ɚɥ
p k ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ
ɛɚԑɵɬԕɚ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ.
ȿɧɞɿ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɫɵɧɚ ɤԧԙɿɥ ɚɭɞɚɪɚɣɵԕ. Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ,
44-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɤɟ ( h H / m )
ɠԥɧɟ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɤɬɟɪɝɟ ( k, p ) ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ h ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ,
ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɫɵ ɞɚ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
ȿɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɫɵɧ ɬɟɪɟԙɿɪɟɤ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ, mk 2 c
ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, 44-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɛɚɫԕɚɲɚ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɣɿɤ, ɹԑɧɢ:
BH H.
§¨ p ·¸ 2 §¨ p ·¸ 2
© k ¹ © k ¹
mk 2 1 c 1
Ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ( F ) ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ( H ) ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ
ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɵɧɞɚ ( O ) ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (11-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɉɫɵ
ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɨɪɧɵɧɚɧ ( O ) ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɚɭɵɬԕɭɵ
( xɫɬ ):
xɫɬ H. (47)
c
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
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