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§3. Ɍԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ
3.1.Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧɵԙ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɬԛɪɿ. ȿɝɟɪ ɬԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ
ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɥ ɠԛɣɟ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ
ɧɟ ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧ, ɧɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɤԛɣɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɟ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ
o no (8)
F 0 ¦Fi 0.
i1
3.2. Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧɵԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɬԛɪɿ. Ɍԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙ
oo
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ F 0 , ɨɥɚɣ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ F1 ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɦɟɧ
o
Fn ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɛɟɬɬɟɫɿɩ ɤɟɬɟɞɿ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ
ɬԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɟɧ ԕԝɪɚɥԑɚɧ
ɤԧɩɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԙ ɬԝɣɵԕ ɛɨɥɭɵ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɠԥɧɟ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ.
o
3.3. Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧɵԙ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬԛɪɿ. ȿɝɟɪ F ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɧԧɥɝɟ
ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɧɵԙ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɞɚ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
( Fx 0, Fy 0, Fz 0 ), ɹԑɧɢ:
n
¦ Fix 0,
i1
n (8-ɚ)
¦ Fiy 0,
i1
n
¦ Fiz 0.
i1
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɬԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ
ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԛɲ ɨɫɶɬɿԙ ԥɪԕɚɣɫɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɥɚɪɵ ɠɟɤɟ-ɠɟɤɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɭɵ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɠԥɧɟ
ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ.
§4.Ɍԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ȼɚɪɢɧɶɨɧ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ
Ȼԝɥ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɧɵ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɩ ɠɚɬɩɚɣ-ɚԕ ɨɧɵԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟɦɿɡ:
ɬΟɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤΟɲɬɟɪ ɠΟɣɟɫɿɧɿΝ ɬɟΝ Ωɫɟɪɥɿ ɤΟɲɿɧɿΝ Ιɚɧɞɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɵɧ ɛɿɪ
ɧΟɤɬɟɝɟ Ιɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ – ɠΟɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɫɨɥ ɧΟɤɬɟɝɟ
Ιɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɟɪɿɧɿΝ Ιɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟΝ.
on
¦mx (F ) mx (Fi ) (9)
i1
Ȼԝɥ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɧɵԙ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɝɟ ԕɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ:
o
mx (F ) y Fz z Fy ,
o (10)
my (F ) z Fx x Fz
o
mz (F ) x Fy y Fx.
25
