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§1. Ɍԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɨɫɭɞɵԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɬԥɫɿɥɿ
Ȼɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɨɫɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɵ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ
ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, Ɉ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ F1 , F2 , F3 ɠԥɧɟ F4 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɫɿɧ
(18-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ⱥɥɞɵɦɟɧ F1 ɠԥɧɟ F2 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ
ɤԛɲɿ R1 ɤԛɲɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
18-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ȼԝɥ ɤԛɲ 18-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟɝɿ Oab ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɵɧɵԙ Ob ԕɚɛɵɪԑɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ. Ȼԝɞɚɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɨɫɵ ɟɪɟɠɟ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ R1 ɠԥɧɟ F3 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ԛɲ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ R2 ɤԛɲɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ, ɹԑɧɢ R2 R1 F3 F1 F2 F3 . ɋɨԙɵɧɚɧ,
R2 ɠԥɧɟ F4 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ F ɤԛɲɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
Ȼԝɥ ɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲ F ɬԧɪɬ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ,
ɹԑɧɢ F F1 F2 F3 F4 .
Ɉɫɵɥɚɣɲɚ, ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ԕɚɧɲɚ ɤԛɲ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɫɟ, ɫɨɧɲɚ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ,
¦F F1 F2 F3 Fn Fi . (1)
ȿɧɞɿ 18-ɫɭɪɟɬɤɟ ɤԧԙɿɥ ɚɭɞɚɪɫɚԕ, ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ R1
ɠԥɧɟ R2 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɭɞɵԙ ɤɟɪɟɝɿ ɠɨԕ ɟɤɟɧ; Oabcd - ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ
ɤԧɩɛԝɪɵɲɵɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɫɚԕ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɟɤɟɧ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ, Ɉ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɤԛɲɬɿ
oo
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ cd ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɫɚԕ ɛɨɥɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ Od
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ - F ɤԛɲɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
Ʉԧɩɛԝɪɵɲ Oabcd - ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɤԧɩɛԝɪɵɲɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ
(ɠɢɧɚԕɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɤԧɩɛԝɪɵɲɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ
ɤԧɩɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԙ Od ԕɚɛɵɪԑɚɫɵ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɦɨɞɭɥɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ, ɚɥ ɨɧɵԙ
Ɉ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟɧ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɚԕɵɪԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ, ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ. Ɍɚԑɵ ɛɿɪ-ɟɤɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɚɪ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟ ɤɟɬɟɣɿɤ:
20
