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>M @ d Wx >V @ (7.36)
Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭɞɟ, ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɬɿ ɬɿɤ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɞɚ, ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ, ɹԑɧɢ:
V max d >V @
(7.37)
W max d >V @ . (7.38)
Ɍɿɤ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɝɟ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɬɚɡɚ ɢɿɥɭɞɟɝɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɟɧ ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɚɣɵɪɦɚɲɵɥɵԑɵ
ɠɨԕ.
ɀɭɪɚɜɫɤɢɣɞɿԙ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɩ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ
ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɨɧɵԙ ɠɭɵԕ ɲɚɦɚ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɯ ɠԥɧɟ ɭ ɨɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɍɨɥɵԕ
ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ, ԕɢɦɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɨɫɶ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɬɵɧɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ.
Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ IJ ɟɤi ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɞɚɧ, ɚɬɚɩ ɚɣɬԕɚɧɞɚ, IJɯ
ɠԥɧɟ IJɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɞɵ. Ɍɨɥɵԕ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵɧ,
ɹԑɧɢ IJɯ ɠԥɧɟ IJɭ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɬԥɫɿɥɿɧɟɧ
ɛɚɫԕɚ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ȼiɪɚԕ ɫɟɪɩɿɦɞɿɥɿɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɬԥɫɿɥɿɦɟɧ
ɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ ɛԝɥ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɯ ɨɫɿɧɞɟɝɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ԧɬɟ ɚɡ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɿɩ,
ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧɞɟ, ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɬɟɤ ɭ ɨɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɫɵɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɧɵԙ ɀɭɪɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ
ɚɣɬɬɵԕ.
Ԕɨɪɵɬɚ ɚɣɬԕɚɧɞɚ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧɞɟ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ
ɬɿɤ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɝɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɝɟ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
> @V max M max d V (7.39)
W
Qmax S max
J b
> @W max d W (7.40)
ɂɿɥɿɩ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԑɵɧ ɬɚɥɚɩ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɪ ɞɟ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɧɚ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɛԝɪɵɥɭ ɛԝɪɵɲɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ
ɛɟɪɿɥɟɞɿ: >T @ ɠԥɧɟ > f @ .
Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԕ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵɧ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ,
T max d >T @,
Mmax d > f @. (7.41)
(7.42)
8-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɄȿɊɇȿɅȽȿɇ ɀԤɇȿ ȾȿɎɈɊɆȺɐɂəɅȺɇԐȺɇ ɄԚɃ
Ʉɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɦɟɧ ɠԛɤɬɟɥɝɟɧ ɞɟɧɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧ
ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɟɪɧɟɥɝɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ɚɭɚɞɚɣ
ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ɍɿɩɬɿ, ɤɟɣɛɿɪ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ, ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɫɿɡ ɨɧɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ
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