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Ⱦɚԑɞɚɪɵɫ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɝɪɚɮɢɝɿɧ ɬԛɪԑɵɡɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɗɣɥɟɪ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵ ɦɟɧ
Ɍɟɬɦɚɣɟɪ-əɫɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɬԝɪԑɵɡԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ,
ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԧɡɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɥɬɩɚɣ-ɚԕ
ԕɢɪɚɣɬɵɧɵ ɟɫɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ (ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, ɦɚɣɵɫԕɵɲɬɵԕɬɵԙ 30-40 ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ).
Ɍԛɫɿɧɿɤɬɿ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧɵԙ (ɫɬ.3) ɝɪɚɮɢɝɿɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɚɣɵԕ
(130-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

Ȼԝɥ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ԛɲɿɧ O t 100 V a 240Ɇɉɚ . Ⱥɥ, 40 O 100 ɤɟɡɞɟ

(10.31) ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ O 40 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɥɬɩɚɣɞɵ (130-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɬɟɪɞɿ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ԛɲɿɧ ԕԝɪɵɩ, ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

§ 6. ɋɵԑɵɥԑɚɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ
Ȼԝɞɚɧ ɛԝɪɵɧ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɫɵԑɵɥԑɚɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɟɤɿ ɠɨɥɦɟɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ:

1) ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ V P d >V @, ɛԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ >V @ VG ;

Ⱥɧɟɬ ɤG

> @ > @2) ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵɥɵԕԕɚ VP , Vɞ .
ȺGɪ d V ɨɪɧ ɛԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ V ɨɪɧ
ɤɨɪɧ

Ȼɿɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥԑɚ ɟɤɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɦɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɬɚɪɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
> @V ɨɪɧ
V ɞɝ ˜ ɤG V ɞɝ ˜ ɤG ˜ V
V G ˜ ɤɨɪɧ
>V @ ɤɨɪɧ ˜V G ɧɟɦɟɫɟ > @ > @V ɨɪɧ

V ɞ ˜ ɤG M - ԥɪɩɿɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɩ, ɨɧɵ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɬɭ
V G ˜ ɤɨɪɧ

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ: (10.40)

> @V ɨɪɧ M ˜ >V @.

ɋɵԑɵɥɵɩ ɠԝɦɵɫ ɿɫɬɟɣɬɿɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧɞɟ,

V P d >V @, (10.41)
(10.42)
Ⱥɧɟɬ

V P d >V @.

M ˜ ȺGp

Ȼԝɥ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ M ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ, ɦɚɣɵɫԕɵɲɬɵԕԕɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ,

ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɞɚɧ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ: M f (O) .

(10.43)

Ɍԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ, (10.41) ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ, ɚɥ (10.42) ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɟɧ
ɨɪɧɵԕɬɵɥɵԕԕɚ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ. ȿɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɠɨɥɵɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɣɿɤ.

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