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ɀɚԕɲɚ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɦԥɧɞɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɩ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɣɦɵɡ, ɹԑɧɢ

Kɞ 1 V* . (25)
V ɫɬ

ɋɨɧɞɚ:

V ɞ Kɞ ˜V ɫɬ . (26)

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹԑɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɤɟɧɞɟ ɨɥ ɤԛɲɬɿ
ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɲ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ, ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ ɬɚɭɵɩ ɚɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɤɬɟɪiɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ,
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ȼɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬ ɬɚ ɫɨɥ
ɛԝɪɵɧԑɵɲɚ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɥɚɞɵ.

> @V maxKɞ ˜ V max d V (27)
ɞ ɫɬ

Ȼɿɡ ɛԝɥ ɬɚɪɚɭɞɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɤɬɟɥɭɞɿԙ ԛɲ ɬԛɪɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ:
1) ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɠԛɤɬɟɥɭ;
2) ɫɨԕԕɵ;
3) ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɠԛɤɬɟɦɟɫɿ.

§2. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ԛɞɟɭɞɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԑɚɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿɧ ɬɚɭɵɩ,
ɨɧɵ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɤɟ ԕɨɫɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ (ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ + ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ). Ȼԝɞɚɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ, ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ
ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɟɞɿ.
Ⱥ. Ԛɞɟɦɟɥɿ ɬԛɡɭ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹɥɵԕ
ɤԛɲɬɿ dP ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɤԧɥɟɦɧɿԙ dV ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ dm ԛɞɟɭɝɟ a

ɤԧɛɟɣɬɟɦɿɡ.

dP dm ˜ a J ˜ dV a . (28)
g

Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ:

J – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɵԙ ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ;
G – ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԛɞɟɭɿ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, P ɠԛɝɿɧɿԙ ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧɧɵԙ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ԛɞɟɦɟɥɿ ɤԧɬɟɪɿɥɭɿɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ (11 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ⱦɚɥɚɦɛɟɪ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɫɵ (ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿ) ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧɧɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɿɩ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ
ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɠɚԑɵ (11 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ
ɬԝɪɚɞɵ.
Ɉɥ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ (11 ɛ-ɫɭɪɟɬ):
1) Ɋ – ɠԛɤɬɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ;

2) J ˜ A ˜ z – ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧɧɵԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɿɩ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ;

3) PJ ˜ A˜z a – ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ;
g

4) Nɞ – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɟɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɬɵɧ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲ.

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