Page 15 - index
P. 15
1.8. ȿɪɤɿɧ ɞɟɧɟ – ɛɚɫԕɚ ɞɟɧɟɥɟɪɦɟɧ ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ ɠɨԕ, ɟɲ
ɧԥɪɫɟɦɟɧ ɛɟɤɿɬɿɥɦɟɝɟɧ, ɤɟԙɿɫɬɿɤɬɟ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɣ ɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɞɟɧɟ.
1.9. Ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ɫɢɦɜɨɥɞɚɪɵɦɟɧ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɧɟɞɿ. Ʉɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠɢɵɧɵ ɤΟɲɬɟɪ
ɠΟɣɟɫɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɠԛɣɟɧɿ ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤ ɠɚԕɲɚɥɚɪ ɿɲɿɧɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɤԛɲ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ, ɦɵɫɚɥɵ: ( Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ) – n ɤԛɲɬɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ.
ȿɝɟɪ ( Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɦɟɧ ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕɬɚ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɟɪɤɿɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ
ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɤɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɞɟɧɟ ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛԝɥ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ (ɧԧɥɝɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ) ɠԛɣɟ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ:
(Ɋ1, Ɋ2 ,...Ɋn ) ~ 0.
ȿɝɟɪ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ (ɧԧɥɝɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ)
ɠԛɣɟɦɟɧ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɥɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɨԑɚɧ ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɞɚ
ԧɡɝɟɪɿɫ ɠɚɫɚɣ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ: ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ɞɚ, ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɞɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɿɫɫɿɡ
ԕɚɥɚɞɵ.
ȿɝɟɪ ( Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ) ɠԥɧɟ ( Q1,Q2,...Qn ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ԥɪԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ, ɤɟɡ
ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɟɪɤɿɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿ ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɤԛɣɿɧɟɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫԕɚ
ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛԝɥɚɪ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɠԛɣɥɟɪ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ:
( Ɋ1, Ɋ2 ,...Ɋn ) ~ ( Q1, Q2 ,...Qn ).
Ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ( Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ R ɤԛɲɿɧɟ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ R ɤԛɲɿ, ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿɫɿ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪɥɿ ɤԛɲ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ:
(Ɋ1, Ɋ2 ,...Ɋn ) ~ R .
ȿɝɟɪ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԑɵ – ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɹԑɧɢ: (Ɋ1, Ɋ2,...Ɋn ) ~ 0, ɨɧɞɚ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ
ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ԧɡɿ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ
ɬԛɡɭ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ɿɥɝɟɪɦɟɥɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɞɟɧɟ ɞɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɞɟɩ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɛԧɥɿɦɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɥɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɟɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɬɵɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɤԛɣɿɧ
(ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕɬɚ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɝɿ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-
ɬɟԙɞɿɝɿ) ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɚɠɵɪɚɬɵɩ ɠɚɬɭɞɵԙ ԕɚɠɟɬɿ ɠɨԕ.
§2. ɋɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɥɚɪɵ
ɋɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɥɚɪɵ Ƚɚɥɢɥɟɣ-ɇɶɸɬɨɧɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɡɚԙɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ
ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ. Ɉɥɚɪ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚԑɚ ɬɨɥɵԑɵɧɚɧ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɛɨɥɚ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɛɿɪɚԕ
ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɥɟɪɞɿ ɲɟɲɭɝɟ ԥɛɞɟɧ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ.
1-ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚ. ȿɪɤɿɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ (ɤɟԙɿɫɬɿɤɬɟ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɬԛɪɞɟ, ԕɚɥɚɣ ɛɨɥɫɚ
ɫɨɥɚɣ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɣ ɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ) ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɟɤɿ ɤԛɲ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ
13
