Page 218 - index

Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɚɫɵɧ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ, C ԥɪɩɿɦɟɧ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ, ɹԑɧɢ Cxyz ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. ȿɧɞɿ Cz ɨɫɿɧɟ

ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ Eu ɨɫɿɧ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɦɿɡ, ɚɥ ɛԝɥ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɪɚɫɵ a ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ
ɛɨɥɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪ yCz ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɠɚɬɫɵɧ (30-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɤɟɡ

ɤɟɥɝɟɧ BS ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ms ɛɨɥɫɵɧ, ɛԝɥ ɧԛɤɬɟ Cz ɨɫɿɧɟɧ rsc

ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ, ɚɥ Eu ɨɫɿɧɟɧ rsu ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɫɵɧ. Ȼԝɥ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ Cz

ɠԥɧɟ Eu ɨɫɶɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ms rs2c ɠԥɧɟ ms rs2u , ɚɥ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɨɫɵ

ms rs2c ɠԥɧɟ Iu ms rs2u . Ʉɨɫɢɧɭɫɬɚɪ
¦ ¦ɨɫɶɬɟɪɞɟɝɿ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ IC

ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ As Bs Ds ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɵɧɚɧ: rs2u rs2c a 2 2arsc ˜ cosD s .

Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ys ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɝɟɧ rsc cosD s ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ rs2u ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ

¦Iu ms rs2u ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧɚ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ, ɫɨɧɞɚ:

¦ ¦ ¦Iu ms rs2u a 2 ms 2a ms ys . IV ɬɚɪɚɭɞɚԑɵ 83-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ

¦ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ms ys Myc ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɛɚɫɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ

¦ ¦ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ys 0 , ms ys 0 ɠԥɧɟ ms M ,
ɞɟɦɟɤ:

Iu IC M ˜a2 (111)

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ
ɬԝɪԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɞɟɝɿ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɟԙ ɤɿɲɿ
ɲɚɦɚɫɵ – ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɬɟɬɿɧ ɨɫɶɬɟɝɿ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.

7.2. Θɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿ ɞɟɧɟɥɟɪɞɿΝ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ. Ɍԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ

ɠɢɿ ɤɟɡɞɟɫɟɬɿɧ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɞɟɧɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧ
ɧɵԕɬɚɣɵԕ.

ɚ) Ɍԛɡɭɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ɠɿԙɿɲɤɟ ɫɵɪɵԕ. Ɇɚɫɫɚɫɵ Ɇ , ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ l ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ Oz
ɨɫɿɧɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɣɵԕ. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɬɵɧ Oz
ɨɫɿ, ɫɵɪɵԕԕɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɲɟɬɿɧ ɛɚɫɵɩ ԧɬɟɞɿ (31-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ 31 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧɞɟɣ ɟɬɿɩ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɣɦɵɡ
( zOx ). ɋɵɪɵԕɬɚɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ dx ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɛԧɥɿɩ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ
ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ dm U ˜ S ˜ dx , ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ U – ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԕ, S – ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ

ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɭɞɚɧɵ. 94-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ I z l U ˜S ˜l3 .
Ȼɿɪɚԕ U ˜ S ˜ l M ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ: 3
³ x2 ˜ U ˜ S ˜ dx

0

Iz M ˜l2 . (112)
3

216