Page 215 - index
P. 215
6.2. ɎɢɡɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤ
ɋɚɥɦɚԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ, ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɬɩɟɣɬɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɨɫɶɬɿ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɬԛɪɞɟɝɿ (ɮɨɪɦɚɞɚԑɵ)
ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ⱥɥ ɨɧɵԙ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɨɫɿ –
ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɬɿΝ ɿɥɿɧɭ ɨɫɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɬɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ( C ) ɚɪԕɵɥɵ, ɿɥɿɧɭ ɨɫɿɧɟ
ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɦɿɡ. ȱɥɿɧɭ ɨɫɿɧɿԙ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɩɟɧ
ԕɢɵɥɵɫɭ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧ Ɉ ɞɟɩ, ɚɥ ɚɪɚԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɵ OC a ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ (29-
o
ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɇɚɹɬɧɢɤɤɟ ɟɤɿ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ: ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɤԛɲɿ – Ɋ ɠԥɧɟ
o
ɨɫɶɬɿԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ – N (ɚɭɚɧɵԙ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿɫɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ԛɣɤɟɥɿɫɬɿ ɟɫɤɟɪɦɟɣɦɿɡ).
Ɏɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɬɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɡɚԙɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ 103 ɚ-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧ
ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚɦɵɡ. Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɞɟɧɟ ԛɲɿɧ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɨɫɿɧɟ
ԕɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ, ɚɥ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ
Ph Pa sinM . xx
M ɚɣɧ ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ I 0 M Pa sin M , ɟɧɞɿ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ
0
ɦԛɲɟɥɟɪɿɧ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕԕɚ ԧɬɤɿɡɿɩ, I0 ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɛԧɥɟɦɿɡ, ɫɨɧɞɚ:
xx Pa M 0. (106)
I0
M
29-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɟɦɟɫ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɦɟɧ
ɲɟɲɿɥɦɟɣɞɿ.
Ɏɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦɚɹɬɧɢɤɬɿԙ ɚɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ,
sinM M ɞɟɩ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ
xx Pa M 0. (106ɚ)
I0 ɬɟԙɞɟɭ
M
ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ.
Ȼԝɥ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ, ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵԙ ɲɟɲɿɦɿ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
M M0 sin(k1t E )
213
