Page 34 - index
P. 34
F QP. (13-ɚ)
Ⱥɥ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɬɟΝ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤΟɲɿɧɿΝ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭ ɫɵɡɵΕɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ
ɟɤɿ ɤΟɲɬɿΝ ΟɥɤɟɧɿɧɿΝ ɚɪΕɵ ɠɚΕɵɧɞɚ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɫɵɡɵΙ, ɨɫɵ ɤΟɲɬɟɪ
ɬΟɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɧΟɤɬɟɥɟɪɞɿΝ ɚɪɚɫɵɧ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɝɟ ɤɟɪɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ
ɛΫɥɿɤɬɟɪɝɟ ɛΫɥɟɞɿ, ɞɟɦɟɤ
AC Q . (13-ԥ)
CB P
§2. Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ. Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ
2.1. Θɨɫ ɤΟɲ. Θɨɫ ɤΟɲ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ. ɒɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ, ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ
ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ – Ιɨɫ ɤΟɲ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ʉԛɲɬɟɪ
ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ Ⱥȿ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵ (31-ɫɭɪɟɬ) – ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵ, ɚɥ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԑɵ h – Ιɨɫ ɤΟɲ ɢɿɧɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ɠɚɫɚɣɬɵɧ ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɭ ԥɫɟɪɿ: 1) Ɋ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɦɟɧ
h ɢɿɧɿɧɿԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵɧɚ; 2) ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɭɵɧɚ; 3) ɨɫɵ
ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɚԑɵ ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
31-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪɿ ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ:
Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɞɟɩ, ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɤԛɲ ɩɟɧ ɢɿɧ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ( P h ) ɬɟԙ, ɚɥ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ɉɧɵԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ:
ɚ) ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ (ɰɟɧɬɪɝɟ)
ԕɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ;
ԥ) ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ – ɨɧɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭ
ɫɵɡɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɛɨɣɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ԕɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɤɟ ɬɟԙ.
2.2. Θɨɫ ɤΟɲɬɟɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɝɿ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɥɚɪ
1-ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚ. Ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿ, ԧɡ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɛɿɪ ɨɪɵɧɧɚɧ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɨɪɵɧԑɚ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ (ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚɭԑɚ) ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɞɚɧ ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԕɚɬɬɵ
ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪɿ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ.
Ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ A ɠԥɧɟ B ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɞɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ԕɨɫ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ
(P1, P2 ) ɢɿɧɿ h -ԕɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (32-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ȼԝɥ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɟ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ F1 ɠԥɧɟ
F2 ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɣɿɤ. Ɉɥɚɪ AB ɬԛɡɭɿɧɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ
32
