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4-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɄԚɒɌȿɊȾȱԘ ɀȺɁɕԔ ɀԚɃȿɋȱ
Ȼɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԑɵ ɞɚ ɛɿɪ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ
ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɵɩ, ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɬԥɪɬɿɩɩɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ. Ɉɧɞɚ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ
ɠɢɵɧɵɧ – ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ʉԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɟɡ
ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɞɟɪɛɟɫ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɿ: ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ; ɬԛɣɿɫɤɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ.
§1. Ʉԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɝɟ (ɨɪɬɚɥɵԕԕɚ) ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭ
Ȼɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɬԥɪɬɿɩɩɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪɫɵɧ (34-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

34-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ȼԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ, ԥɞɟɬɬɟɝɿɞɟɣ, ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɟɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɿ ( F1 , F2 ) ԧɡɚɪɚ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ɫɨɞɚɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɤԛɲɿɧɟ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿ ԕɨɫɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵɥɚɣɲɚ
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ( F1, F2, F3,˜˜˜, Fn ) ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ ɲɵԑɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɪ ɟɞɿ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ
ɛԝɥ ɬԥɫɿɥ, ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɤԧɩ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ ԧɬɟ ԕɨɥɚɣɫɵɡ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɤԧɩ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɬԥɫɿɥ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ
ԑɚɥɵɦɵ ɉɭɚɧɫɨ (ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤ) ԝɫɵɧԑɚɧ ɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɬԥɫɿɥ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɥɟɦɦɚԑɚ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ.
Ʌɟɦɦɚ. Θɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿΝ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɧΟɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟ (ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, A ɧΟɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟ)
Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬΡɪΕɚɧ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤΟɲɬɿ ( Ɋ ɤΟɲɿɧ), ɨɫɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿΝ ɛɚɫΙɚ ɛɿɪ ɧΟɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ
( B ) Ϋɡɿɧ-Ϋɡɿɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɚɥɵɩ ɛɚɪɭΕɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ȻΡɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɨɥ ɧΟɤɬɟɞɟ ( B )
ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤΟɲɤɟ ɬɟΝ ( Ɋ/ = Ɋ ) Ɋc ɤΟɲɿ ɠΩɧɟ Ιɨɫ ɤΟɲ ɠΡɛɵ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ. ȻΡɥ
ɠΡɩɬɵΝ (Ιɨɫ ɤΟɲɬɿΝ) ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ A ɧΟɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ Ɋ ɤΟɲɿɧɿΝ B ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ
Ιɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɚɥɵɧΕɚɧ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɥɵΙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧɟ ɬɟΝ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱦԥɥɟɥɞɟɭ. Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ A ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟ Ɋ ɤԛɲɿ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪɫɵɧ. Ɉɫɵ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ
B ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɤɟ ɬɟԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨɥ ɤԛɲɤɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɬԛɡɭ
ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ Ɋc ɠԥɧɟ Ɋcc ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɣɿɤ (35-
ɫɭɪɟɬ).

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