Page 107 - index
P. 107
oo
ɋɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪɵ vɫcɚɥ ɠԥɧɟ vɫccɚɥ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
oo
ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ( vɫcɚɥ = vɫccɚɥ ). Ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
o oo
lim vɚɛ lim vɚcɛ vɚɛ ,
o 'to0 't 'to0 't (34)
ɚɚɛ
ɛԝɥ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ:
oo o oo oo o
vɚcɛ = vɬc ɚɫ + vɫcɚɥ , ɚɥ vɫcɚɥ = vɫccɚɥ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ vɚcɛ = vɬccɚɫ + vɫccɚɥ
ɬɟԙɞɿɝɿ ɡɚԙɞɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
oo o oo
ɋɨɥ ɫɟɤɿɥɞɿ: vɚɛ = vɬɚɫ + vɫɚɥ . ȿɧɞɿ vɚɛ ɠԥɧɟ vɚcɛ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ 34-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚΕɚ
ԕɨɹɦɵɡ, ɫɨɧɞɚ:
os os o n os o os o
lim v ɬɚɫ v ɫɚɥ v ɬɚɫ v ɫɚɥ lim v ɬɚɫ v ɬɚɫ lim v ɫɚɥ v ɫɚɥ .
o 't o0 't 't 't o0 't
't o0
ɚ
ɋɨԙԑɵ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ
os o o os o
lim v ɬɚɫ v ɬɚɫ
't ԧɪɧɟɝɿ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԛɞɟɭɿ ( wɬɚɫ ) ɛɨɥɵɩ, ɚɥ lim v ɫɚɥ v ɫɚɥ
't o0 't o0 't
o
ԧɪɧɟɝɿ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԛɞɟɭɿ ( ɚɫɚɥ ) ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ:
o oo (35)
ɚɚɛ ɚɬɚɫ ɚɫɚɥ .
§4. Ʉɨɪɢɨɥɢɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ
ȿɝɟɪ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɿɥɝɟɪɿɥɦɟɥɿ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ԛɞɟɭɿɧ ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ ԕɨɫɭ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣ ɚɥɦɚɣɦɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ
ɤɟɡɞɟ, 1836 ɠɵɥɵ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ Ʉɨɪɢɨɥɢɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ. ȿɝɟɪ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵ ɿɥɝɟɪɿɥɦɟɥɿ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ Οɞɟɭɿ Οɲ ΟɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿΝ, ɚɬɚɩ ɚɣɬΙɚɧɞɚ: ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ, ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ
ɠΩɧɟ ɛΡɪɵɥɵɫ ΟɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧɿΝ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵΙ Ιɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟΝ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚɧɵ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɠɟɤɟɥɟɧɝɟɧ ɬԛɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ – ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɨɫɶɬɿ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɣɦɿɡ.
Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɛɚɫɵ ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɞɟɝɿ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ Oz ɨɫɿɧ
ɚɣɧɚɥɵɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ, ɫɚɧɚԕ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɥɚɪ: ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɠԛɣɟ –
Oxyz ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɥɵ ɠԛɣɟ – Ox1 y1z1 .
o
Ȼɿɪ ɭɚԕɵɬ ɦɟɡɝɿɥɿɧɞɟ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɦɟɧ ( r )
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ «Ɇ» (23-ɫɭɪɟɬ) ɛɨɥɫɵɧ.
ɋɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧɞɟɣ, DL ɫɵɡɵԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵɧ, ɚɥ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ P ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ, ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ PM ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ
ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɲɟԙɛɟɪ – ɨɧɵԙ «ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵɧ» ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
105
