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ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɚɣɧɚɥɭɞɚԑɵ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ԛɲɿɧ Ʉɨɪɢɨɥɢɫ (G.Coriolis,
1792-1843. Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɡ Εɚɥɵɦɵ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ, ɉɚɪɢɠ Εɵɥɵɦ ȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ
ɦΟɲɟɫɿ) ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵɧ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɞɿɤ.
§5. Ȼԝɪɵɥɵɫ ԛɞɟɭɿ
Ԧɬɤɟɧ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɬɚ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ Ʉɨɪɢɨɥɢɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɿɥɝɟɪɿɥɦɟɥɿ ɛɨɥɦɚԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ԛɞɟɭɿ ԛɲ
ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ (ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ, ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɛԝɪɵɥɵɫ ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɿ) ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɟɤɟɧ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɧԛɤɬɟ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɥɿ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ԛɞɟɭ ԕɚɣɞɚɧ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɞɵ ɞɟɝɟɧ ɫԝɪɚԕ
ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɫԝɪɚԕԕɚ ɠɚɭɚɩ ɛɟɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɦɵɫɚɥɞɵ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥ. Ɍɟɦɿɪ ɬɚɛɚԕ (ɞɢɫɤ) ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɩɟɧ (Z ) O
ɨɫɿɧ ɚɣɧɚɥɵɩ ɬԝɪɫɵɧ. Ɉɧɵԙ OA ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵɧ ɛɨɣɥɚɣ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (24-ɫɭɪɟɬ). ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ vɫɚɥ . ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ
ɪɚɞɢɭɫɬɵ ɛɨɣɥɚɣ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ – ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ, ɚɥ ɬɚɛɚԕɩɟɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ
ɚɣɧɚɥɭɵ – ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬԛɡɭ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ
o
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕ ( vɫɚɥ )
o
ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɫɚɥ 0 , ɛɿɪɚԕ ɬɚɛɚԕɬɵԙ ɚɣɧɚɥɭɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ (ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ
o
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ) ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɵԙ ( vɫɚɥ ) ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ.
24-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ʉɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ (24 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ) ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ t ɠԥɧɟ t 't
ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚɪɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɟɤɿ ɨɪɧɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ, ɨɥɚɪ M ɠԥɧɟ M1 . Ɉɫɵ
ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ, ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɟԙɞɟɪɝɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɵԙ
oo
( vɫɚɥ ) ɠԥɧɟ ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ vɫcɚɥ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ. Ɍɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ
o
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɵԙ ( vɫɚɥ ) ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ, ɛԝɪɵɥɭ ԛɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɦɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ɍɚɛɚԕɬɵԙ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɭɵ, ɲɵɧɞɵԑɵɧɞɚ, ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, « M » ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ
108
