Page 105 - index
P. 105
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, MB ɫɵɡɵԑɵ – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵ, ɚɥ MC – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
oo
MM1 ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵ, MM cc
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ – ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚɭ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵ. ȼɟɤɬɨɪ
o
M ccM1 ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ɦɨɞɭɥɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ,
oo
ɛɿɪɚԕ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ( MM1 = - M ccM1 ).
o
ȼɟɤɬɨɪ MM1 ɟɤɿ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵ ɟɤɟɧɿ ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ
o oo
ɬԝɪ, ɹԑɧɢ: MM1 = M ccM1 + MM cc . Ɉɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧɞɚ 't -ԑɚ ɛԧɥɿɩ,
ɫɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, 't ɧԧɥɝɟ ԝɦɬɵɥԑɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɲɟɤɬɿ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
o oo
MM cc M ccM1
lim MM1 lim 't lim 't .
'to0 't
't o0 't o0
o
ɀɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɵԙ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, lim MM1 – ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕ, ɚɥ
'to0 't
o – ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. Ⱥɥ ɟɧɞɿ o –
lim MM cc lim M ccM1
'to0 't 'to0 't
ԧɪɧɟɝɿɧɟ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚԕ, ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɟɝɟɪ 't o 0 ɛɨɥɫɚ,
ɨɧɞɚ M1 ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ ԝɦɬɵɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ M cc A1 ԕɢɫɵԑɵ M A
o
ԕɢɫɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɭɝɟ ԝɦɬɵɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɜɟɤɬɨɪ M ccM1 ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɲɟɤɬɿɤ
o ԝɦɬɵɥɚɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ o o
ɨɪɧɵɧɚ – MM1 lim MM1 lim M ccM1 – ԧɪɧɟɝɿ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ
'to0 't
'to0 't
ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ,
oo o (32)
vaɛ vɫɚɥ vɬɚɫ .
oo o
Ȼԝɥ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪ ( vaɛ ,vɫɚɥ , vɬɚɫ ) ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɝɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ
ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ (21-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ɍɚɫɵɦɚɥ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵ D
ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫɬɚɪ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ MKL
ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɵɧɚɧ
v2 vɚ2ɛ v2 2vɬɚɫ vɬɚɫ cos(S D),
ɫɚɥ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
vɚɛ v2 v2 2vɬɚɫ vɫɚɥ cosD . (33)
ɬɚɫ ɫɚɥ
103
