Page 165 - index
P. 165
ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɧ Ox
ɠԥɧɟ Oy ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɿɧ ԑɚɧɚ ɚɥɵɩ, ԛɲ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɿԙ
ɨɪɧɵɧɚ ɟɤɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ:
mx Fx , my Fy . (7-ɚ)
ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɬԛɡɭɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ Ox ɨɫɿ
ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɩ, ɛɿɪ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ:
mx Fx . (7ԥ)
Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬԛɡɭɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɟɣ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɿɧ ɲɟɲɤɟɧɞɟ, ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɚɛɢԑɢ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɝɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. əԑɧɢ
mɚW FW , mɚn Fn , mɚb Fb .
(7ɛ)
Ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɛɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶԑɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ, ɚɥ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ (ɛɚɫ)
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶԑɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɥɚɪɵ
ɚW dvW , ɚn v2 , ɚb 0
dt U
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ:
m dv FW , m v2 Fn , Fb 0. (8)
dt U
Ʉԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɟɝɿ Fb , FW , Fn – ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ɛɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ, ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɚɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɚɪɞɚԑɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɫɤɚɥɹɪ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ (8) ɚɥԑɚɲ ɪɟɬ ɗɣɥɟɪ ɚɥԑɚɧ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ,
ɨɥɚɪɞɵ, ԥɞɟɬɬɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵΙ ɧΟɤɬɟɧiΝ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵɧɵΝ ɬɚɛɢΕɢ ɬɟΝɞɟɭɥɟɪi ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɣɞɵ.
§2. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɚɥɭ
ԛɲɿɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɞɟ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ
ɠɟɤɟɥɟɧɝɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɠɢɵɧɬɵԑɵ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ s ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ
o o (e) o (i)
mS ɚS FS FS
ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ:
o (e) o (i)
Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ F S , F S – ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɿɲɤɿ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ.
ȿɝɟɪ ɠԛɣɟ n – ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɞɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɠԛɣɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟɝɿ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿ ɞɟ n ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
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