Page 167 - index

Ȼԝɥ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ D – ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɠɚɧɚɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɨԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲ.

Ɇɵɫɚɥ. Ɇɚɫɫɚɫɵ m ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɲɟԙɛɟɪ ɬԥɪɿɡɞɿ ɞԧԙɟɫ ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ ԛɫɬɿɦɟɧ
v0 ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɩɟɧ ɤɟɥɟ ɠɚɬɫɵɧ. Ʉԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ ɞԧԙɟɫɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ U ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (1-

ɫɭɪɟɬ).

1-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ ɞԥɥ ɨɪɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɝɟɧɞɟ, ɨɧɵԙ ɤԧɩɿɪɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɬɿɧ

ԕɵɫɵɦɵɧ ( F1 ) ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, 8-

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ ɚW ɠԥɧɟ ɚn ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɦɵɡ.

Ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɠɚɧɚɦɚԑɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ

ԕɨɡԑɚɥɭɞɚ, ɚɥ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶԑɚ - ɚn v02 .
U

o

Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɝɟ ɟɤɿ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪ, ɨɥɚɪ: ɨɧɵԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ – P ɠԥɧɟ ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ

o mɚW 0 , Fn mv02 PN.
U
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ – N . ɋɟɝɿɡɿɧɲɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ: FW

Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, N P mv02 .
U

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɛɿɡɞɿԙ ɬɚɩԕɚɧɵɦɵɡ – ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɞɿԙ ɤԧɩɿɪɝɟ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ ɟɦɟɫ, ɛԝɥ
ɲɚɦɚ ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ ɇɶɸɬɨɧɧɵԙ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɡɚԙɵ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɞɿԙ ɤԧɩɿɪɝɟ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɤԧɩɿɪɞɿԙ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ

F1 mv02 .
U

ɇԛɤɬɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɟɫɟɛɿɧ ɲɟɲɭ
Ɇɚɫɫɚɫɵ m ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɫɿɧ. Ɉɫɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ, ɹԑɧɢ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵɧ ɭɚԕɵɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɫɵ
ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿɫɿ

o

F , ɠɚɥɩɵ ɚɥԑɚɧɞɚ, ɭɚԕɵɬԕɚ, ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵԙ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ

xxx

ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɨɫɶɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ t, x, y, z, x, y, z ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɮɭɧɤɢɹɫɵ

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