Page 172 - index
P. 172
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɞɟɧɟ ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ (ɟɪɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ) ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɤɟ ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ. ȿɪɿɤɫɿɡ (ɟɪɤɿɧ
ɟɦɟɫ) ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿ ɤԛɲɿ ɛɚɪ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥ ɤԛɲ ɠɨԕ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.
ȿɪɤɿɧ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɟԙ ɤԧɩ ɬɚɪɚԑɚɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɟԙ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ,
ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɪɵ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿԙ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɪɵɧɚ,
ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɤ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ. Ⱥɥ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɿ –
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɞɟɧ ɛɚɫɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪ ɬɟɤ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɤɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɟɤɿ
ɤԛɲɬɿԙ – ԕɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɤԛɲ (ԥɞɟɬɬɟ, ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ
ɤԛɲɿ) ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ.
Ɇɚɫɫɚɫɵ m ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ( M ) ɬԛɡɭɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
ɇԛɤɬɟɝɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɬɚɪɬɭ ɤԛɲɿ F ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɫɿɧ, ɚɥ ɛԝɥ ɤԛɲ
ɰɟɧɬɪɞɟɧ ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕԕɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (3-ɫɭɪɟɬ):
F c OM . (11)
Ȼԝɥ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ ɫ – ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪ-
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɞɵԕɬɵԙ ɨԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ.
ȿɝɟɪ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɞɟ ɠɚɬɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɥ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ,
ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɛԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ F 0 . Ⱥɥ ɟɧɞɿ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟɧ ɲɵԑɚɪɵɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
F ɤԛɲɿ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿ ɛԝɪɵɧԑɵ ɤԛɣɿɧɟ ԕɚɣɬɵɩ ԥɤɟɥɭɝɟ ɬɵɪɵɫɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɤԛɣɞɿ ԕɚɥɵɩɬɚɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɬɵɪɵɫɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɤԛɲ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɿ ɚɭɵɬԕɭԑɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɧɵ ɫɵɡɵΙɬɵΙ Ιɚɥɩɵɧɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭɲɿ ɤΟɲ ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɣɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɬԛɩ ɧɟɝɿɡɿ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɤ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, ɨԑɚɧ – Ƚɭɤ ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɛɚԑɵɧɵɲɬɵ ɫɟɪɩɿɦɞɿɥɿɤ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ ɧɟɝɿɡ
ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ.
3-ɫɭɪɟɬ
ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɡɚԙɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ԕԝɪɵɩ, ɫɨɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɨɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɣɦɵɡ. Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɛɚɫɵɧ O
o
ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɛɟɤɿɬɿɩ, Ɉx ɨɫɿɧ ɨԙ ɠɚԕԕɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲ F ԥɪ
ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟɧ ɨԙ ɠɚԕɬɚ
ɛɨɥɫɚ ( x 0 ), ɨɧɞɚ ɤԛɲ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕԕɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ; ɟɝɟɪ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ O
ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟɧ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ ( x % 0 ), ɨɧɞɚ ɤԛɲ ɨԙ ɠɚԕԕɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ Ɉx ɨɫɿɧɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɫɵ ԥɪ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ Fx c x ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɦɟɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ
170
