Page 192 - index

4. ȿɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɫɵ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ, ɨɥ ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɦɚɥɫɵɡ
ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɢɿɥɿɤɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿɫɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ;

5. Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ p 1 2Q 2k ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɢɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ( p k ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɟɦɟɫ);

6. ȿɪɿɤɫɿɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɮɚɡɚɫɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɮɚɡɚɫɵɧɵԙ
ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɚɣɵɪɦɚɲɵɥɵԑɵ H ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ;

7. ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ, ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ
ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ԧɲɟɞɿ ɞɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɬɟɤ ɚɦɚɥɫɵɡ ɬɟɪɛɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ
ɟɫɤɟɪɫɟ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, x1 0 ɠԥɧɟ x | B1 sin( pt G H ) ɞɟɩ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

4-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄȺɇɕԘ ɀȺɅɉɕ ɌȿɈɊȿɆȺɅȺɊɕ

§1. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɤɟɡ
ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɿ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɩ
ɲɟɲɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɚɣɬԕɚɧɛɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɟɫɟɛɿɧ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɲɟɲɭ ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɤ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧɵɧ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɥɟɪ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɩ ɨɬɵɪ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɧԛɤɬɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɞɿԙ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɭ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɥɟɪɿ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ
ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɭ, ɨɫɵɧɞɚɣ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɥɚɪɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ԥɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɲɟɲɿɦɿɧ ɛɟɪɦɟɝɟɧɦɟɧ, ɠԛɣɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ
ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɝɟ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɠɚɭɚɩ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɦԝɧɵԙ ԧɡɿ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɛɚɥɵ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ.

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɚɪɵ
ɠԥɧɟ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɬɵɧɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ. Ⱥɥ ɟɧɞɿ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵԙ
ԧɥɲɟɦɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɧɟɧɿ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɵ ɧɟɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ?
Ȼԝɥ ɫԝɪɚԕ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԑɚɥɵɦɞɚɪ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɲɟɲɿɦɝɟ ɤɟɥɞɿ? Ȼɿɡ ɨɫɵ ɫԝɪɚԕɬɚɪԑɚ
ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɚɭɚɩɬɚɪԑɚ ɬɨԕɬɚɥɚɣɵԕ.

1. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ – ɧԛɤɬɟ
ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕԕɚ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ m ˜ v ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɭ
ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɲɟɲɿɦ ԧɦɿɪɝɟ ɤɟɥɞɿ (Ⱦɟɤɚɪɬɬɵԙ ɿɡɛɚɫɚɪɥɚɪɵ, ɨɥɚɪ m ˜ v ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ
ɧΟɤɬɟ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵɧɵΝ ɦΫɥɲɟɪɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɞɵ).

2. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ – ɧԛɤɬɟ

ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ɦɟɧ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ m ˜ v2 ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ

ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɭ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɲɟɲɿɦ ԧɦɿɪɝɟ ɤɟɥɞɿ (Ʌɟɣɛɧɢɰɬɿԙ ɿɡɛɚɫɚɪɥɚɪɵ, ɨɥɚɪ m ˜ v2

ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɧɚΙɬɵ ɤΟɲɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɞɵ). Ʉɟɣɿɧɿɪɟɤ, m˜v2 ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ –
2

ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɞɵ.

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