Page 234 - index
P. 234
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ȿɝɟɪ ɫɵɪɵԕ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɬɿɤ ԛɞɟɭɿɦɟɧ ( ɚn )
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ԕɨɫɚ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ԛɞɟɭɿ ɞɟ ( ɚW ) ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɪ ɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɟ ɬɚԑɵ ɛɿɪ
o
ɤԛɲ – ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ ( FW ) ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɪ ɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɟ
o oo
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ: F ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵ Fn ɠԥɧɟ FW . Ⱥɥ ɫɵɪɵԕ ɩɟɧ
oo
ɠɿɩɤɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ ɎW ɠԥɧɟ Ɏn ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ.
44-ɫɭɪɟɬ
ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԕɢɫɵԕɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɦɟɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿɧ
oo
ɟɤɿ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɞɚɧ, ɚɬɚɩ ɚɣɬԕɚɧɞɚ, ɎW ɠԥɧɟ Ɏn ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɥɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɤԛɲ
oo
ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɬɢɿɦɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, Ɏ m ɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ,
oo
ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ: Ɏn m ɚn – ɬɿɤ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ
oo
(ɰɟɧɬɪɞɟɧɬɟɩɤɿɲ ɤΟɲ) ɠԥɧɟ ɎW m ɚW – ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ.
Ɍɿɤ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ (ɰɟɧɬɪɞɟɧɬɟɩɤɿɲ ɤΟɲ) ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ Ɏn m v2
U
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ: ɎW m dvW . ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ:
dt
Ɏn m dvW , (138)
dt
ɎW m dvW . (139)
dt
§2. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԛɲɿɧ Ⱦɚɥɚɦɛɟɪ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɫɵ
o
Ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ( Ɇ ) ԛɞɟɭɿ ɚ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (45-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ (ɟɪɤɿɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ), ɨɧɞɚ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ (ɚɤɬɢɜ) ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
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