Page 229 - index

5.1. ɇΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ Ϋɡɝɟɪɭi ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚ
Ⱥɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɬɟɨɪɶɦɚɧɵ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ɧԛɤɬɟ ԛɲɿɧ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɣɿɤ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ

o

ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧ, ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧɵԙ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧ dr

oo
dv dr
ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɫɤɚɥɹɪ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɟɣɿɤ: m dt ˜ o oo dt -ɧɿԙ

dr F˜ dr . Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɤɟ

o oo oo oo d v2
F˜ d r . Ȼɿɪɚԕ v˜ d v 2
ɨɪɧɵɧɚ v ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ, ɫɨɧɞɚ: m v˜ d v

ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ: md v 2 oo
2
F˜ dr . Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɫɬɵɧɚ m -ɞɿ

oo

ɤɿɪɝɿɡɿɩ, F˜ d r ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ dA ɲɚɦɚɫɵɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ,

d mv2 dA (133)
2

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵΙ ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ

ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɥɵ ɨΕɚɧ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɠΡɦɵɫɵɧɚ
ɬɟΝ, ɹԑɧɢ
dT dA . (133ɚ)

ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧɵԙ ɫɨԙɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɣɵԕ. ȿɝɟɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɨɪɧɵɧɞɚԑɵ

ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ v1 , ɚɥ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɨɪɧɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ v2 ɛɨɥɫɵɧ. 133-
ɬɟΝɞɟɭɞɿΝ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧ, ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɩ,

mv22 mv12 A (134)
2 2

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɫɨΝΕɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧɞɚΕɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ

ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ Ϋɡɝɟɪɭɿ – ɫɨɥ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɚΕɵ ɨΕɚɧ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ
ɤΟɲɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɫΩɣɤɟɫ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧɵΝ ɠΡɦɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟΝ.
5.2. ɆɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɠΟɣɟɧɿΝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵΝ Ϋɡɝɟɪɭi

ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚ. ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ ms ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ

ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪɫɵɧ. ɋɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ

oo
F (e) ɚɪԕɵɥɵ, ɚɥ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿɧ F (i)
ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿɧ s s

ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɿɤ. 120-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵΝ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ: d ms v 2 dAs(e) dAs(i) , ɛԝɥ
s

2

oo
A(e) A(i)
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟ s ɠԥɧɟ s ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ

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