Page 253 - index
P. 253
ȿɧɞɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɿԙ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɫɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɿԙ ɦɿɧɞɟɬɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɥɿɤɬɿ
ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵ.
1. Ɍԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԝɡɚԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
2. ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɵԙ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɫԥɬɿɧɞɟ
ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ɒɵɧɞɵԑɵɧɞɚ, ɟɝɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ԥɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɟ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ
oo
Fs N s 0 . Ɉɥɚɣ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ԥɪ
o
ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ԛɞɟɭɿ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɚ s 0 . Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ
o
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ – v s const . ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ t 0 ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ,
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɥɚɪ ɛɿɪɬɚɥɚɣ ɭɚԕɵɬ
ɚɪɚɥɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɞɚ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ, ɹԑɧɢ ɠԛɣɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɞɟɩ
ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɠΟɣɟ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ɤΟɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɭ Οɲɿɧ, ɛΡɥ ɠΟɣɟɝɟ
Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɞɿΝ ΡɡɚΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ɤΟɣɞɟ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɠΟɣɟ
ɧΟɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿΝ ɚɥΕɚɲΙɵ ɫΩɬɬɟɝɿ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΙɬɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɧΫɥɝɟ ɬɟΝ ɛɨɥɭɵ
ɦɿɧɞɟɬɬɿ ɠΩɧɟ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ.
ȿɫɤɟɪɬɭɥɟɪ.
1. Ȼɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ ɢɞɟɚɥ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ
ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɫɵ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɞɿ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ ɛԝɥ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɧɵ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ ɢɞɟɚɥ
ɟɦɟɫ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɪɞɟ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ,
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɤɟɞɿɪ-ɛԝɞɵɪ ɛɟɬ ɛɚɪ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ. Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɛɟɬɬɿԙ
o
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɟɤɿ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɞɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ – ɧɨɪɦɚɥ (ɬɿɤ) ɤԛɲ N ɠԥɧɟ
o
ԛɣɤɟɥɿɫ ɤԛɲɿ F ɬ . Ȼԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɫɵɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ
o
ԛɲɿɧ ԛɣɤɟɥɿɫ ɤԛɲɿɧ ( F ɬ ) ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԕɚɬɚɪɵɧɚ ԕɨɫɚɦɵɡ, ɚɥ ɤɟɞɿɪ-
o
ɛԝɞɵɪ ɛɟɬɬɿ ɠɵɥɬɵɪ ɛɟɬ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɫɵ ɤɟɡɞɟ, N ɢɞɟɚɥ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɢɞɟɚɥ
ɛɨɥɭ ɬɚɥɚɛɵ ɫɚԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ (ɚɥɵɧɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥɦɚԑɚɧ) ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪԑɚ ԕɨɣɵɥɚɬɵɧ
ɬɚɥɚɩ, ɚɥ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɬɚɥɚɩ, ɚɥɵɧɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪԑɚ ԕɨɣɵɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
2. ɂɞɟɚɥ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɧɵԙ ԧɪɧɟɝɿɧɟ ɤɿɪɦɟɣɞɿ.
ȿɝɟɪ ɨɫɵɧɞɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɿɪɟɭɿɧ ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɢɞɟɚɥ
o
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɩ, ɨɧɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ N ɤԛɲɿɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɤɟɡɞɟ,
o
N ɤԛɲɿ «ԥɫɟɪ» ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԕɚɬɚɪɵɧɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪ ԧɪɧɟɝɿɧɟ
ɤɿɪɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵ 151-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɩ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
3. ɒɟɤɬɿ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪ ԕɚԑɢɞɚɫɵ ɠɚɥɩɵ
ɚɥԑɚɧɞɚ, ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɦɚɣɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧԑɚɧ
ɤɟɡɞɟ ɫɚԕ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɠԧɧ.
251
