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ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɛԝɥ ɠԛɣɟ ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɫɚԕɬɚɩ
ԕɚɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɠԛɣɟɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɟɲԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪɦɚԑɚɧ, ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɞɟɝɿ ɟɪɤɿɧ
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ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ. ȿɧɞɿ ԥɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ Rs Fs N s ɤԛɲɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɣɿɤ (56-
ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ԥɪ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɥɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ: ɧɟ ɨɥ ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕ
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ɤԛɣɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɥɚɞɵ ( Rs 0 ), ɧɟ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫԕɚ ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ ( Rs z 0 ). ȿɝɟɪ
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ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɫɚ, ɹԑɧɢ Rs 0 ɨɧɞɚ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɥɿɤɬɿɤ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɞɿ ɞɟɝɟɧ
ɫԧɡ!
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ȿɧɞɿ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɵ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ, ɹԑɧɢ Rs z 0 . ȿɝɟɪ ɛԝɥ ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤ
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ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ Rs ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ, ɛԝɪɵɧ
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ɬɵɧɵɲɬɵԕɬɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɨɥ ɧԛɤɬɟ d rs ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɨɧɵԙ
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ɠԝɦɵɫɵ Rs d rs 0 .
56-ɫɭɪɟɬ
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¦Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ Rs d rs 0 . Ȼɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɧɚԕɬɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɥɚɪ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɨɪɵɧ
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¦ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɥɚɪɦɟɧ ɞԥɥ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɫɨԙԑɵ ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤɬɿ Rs G rs 0
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¦ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɠɚɡɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ Rs Fs N s ɠԥɧɟ Fs G rs 0
ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ:
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¦ Fs G rs 0 .
ɋɨԙԑɵ ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤ 151-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚΕɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɣɲɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɲɵԕɬɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ,
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ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɛɿɪɞɟ-ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ Rs z 0 ɞɟɩ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
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ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ Rs 0 , ɹԑɧɢ Fs N s 0 , ɞɟɦɟɤ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿɥɿɤ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɞɿ.
250
