Page 259 - index

Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, 152-ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵΝ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟΝɞɟɭɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɠԛɣɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɚɥɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

Ɍɟԙɞɟɭɞɿԙ (152) ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ԧɪɧɟɝɿ:

¦ ª«¬( o ms xx o xx ys o xx z s º 0. (152ɛ)
»¼
Fsx xs )G xs (Fsy ms ys )G (Fsz ms zs )G

Ɇɵɫɚɥ. Ɋɚɞɢɭɫɵ R ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɬԥɪɿɡɞɟɫ ɛɿɥɿɤɤɟ ɨɪɚɥԑɚɧ ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧԑɚ
ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ Ɋ ɠԛɤ ɿɥɿɧɿɩ ԕɨɣɵɥԑɚɧ (59-ɫɭɪɟɬ). ɋɚɥɦɚԑɵ Q ɛɿɥɿɤ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɨɫɶ

ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɞɵ, ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɬɟɪɞɟɝɿ ԛɣɤɟɥɿɫɬɟɪɞɟɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɬɵɧ ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ M C const . Ȼɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿ ɬԝɬɚɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɞɟɩ, ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧɞɵ

ɢɞɟɚɥ ɦɚɣɵɫԕɵɲ ɞɟɩ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɩ, ɚɪԕɚɧɧɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ ɟɥɟɭɫɿɡ ԕɚɥɞɵɪɵɩ,
ɠԛɤɬɿԙ ԛɞɟɭɿɧ ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ɀԛɣɟ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ: ɠԛɤɬɿ, ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɨɥɚɬ ɚɪԕɚɧɞɵ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɣɦɵɡ. ɀԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ
ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ: ɠԛɤɬɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ, ɫɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ – ɤɟɞɟɪɝɿ

o P ɚ )
g
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ – M ɋ . ȱɥɝɟɪɿɥɦɟɥɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɠԛɤɬɿԙ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɿ (Ɏ

ԛɞɟɭɞɿԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ, ɚɥ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɞɵ ɠԝɩɬɵԙ

( o IC ˜ H ) ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ԛɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ
M Ǟǣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ǗDŽ

ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ (59-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɡ.

59-ɫɭɪɟɬ

ɀԛɣɟɝɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɛɟɪɟɦɿɡ, ɨɥ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ: ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ
ɲɟɤɫɿɡ ɚɡ ɛԝɪɵɲԕɚ (GM ) ɛԝɪɵɥɭɵ; ɛԝɥ ɛԝɪɵɥɭɞɵԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ – ɫɚԑɚɬ ɬɿɥɿɧɿԙ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɛԝɪɵɥɭɞɚɧ ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɬɵɧ, ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɠԥɧɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪɵɧ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙɟɣɦɿɡ, ɹԑɧɢ

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