Page 260 - index
P. 260
PRGM ɎRGM M CGM M ɛɢɈɧGM 0 .
o P ɚ , o IC H , IC QR 2 ɠԥɧɟ H ɚ
g 2g R
Ɍɟԙɞɿɤɬɿ GM -ɝɟ ԕɵɫԕɚɪɬɵɩ, Ɏ M Ǟǣ
ǗDŽ
ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɨɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɤɟ ԕɨɣԑɚɧɧɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ:
PR PR ɚ MC QR ɚ 0.
g 2g
Ɉɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɧ:
ɚ (PR MC) 2g .
(2P Q)R
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɞɟɤɚɪɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵɧɞɚ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ ɟɪɤɿɧ
ɟɦɟɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ
ɲɵԑɚɪɭԑɚ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɬɭɞɵɪɚɞɵ. Ɉɧɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟ, ɟɪɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɛɿɪɝɟ ɬɟԙ
ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ ɲɟɲɭ ɤԧɩ ɠɟԙɿɥɞɟɧɟɞɿ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ
ɟɪɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɛɿɪ ɟɦɟɫ, ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ ɲɟɲɭ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ԕɢɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɬɭɞɵɪɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ ɟɝɟɪ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɞɟɤɚɪɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵɧ,
ɠɢɧɚԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɫɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ ɠԝɦɵɫɬɚɪɵɧ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɫɟ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ԕɢɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɝɿɧɟɧ ԕԝɬɵɥɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɠɢɧɚԕɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɞɚԑɵ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɬɿɤɟɥɟɣ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ɚɥɞɵɧɞɚ, ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɩ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ.
§2. ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɠɚɥɩɵɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵ
Ɉɫɵ ɭɚԕɵɬԕɚ ɞɟɣɿɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɛɚɪɥɵԕ
ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɞɟɤɚɪɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ ɤɟɥɞɿɤ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɞɚ
ɠԥɧɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɞɚ ɛɚɫԕɚɞɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɬɵɧɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ,
ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, ɩɨɥɹɪɥɵԕ, ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɥɿɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚԑɵ ɛɚɫԕɚɥɚɪ. ȿɪɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɨɪɧɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭɞɚ ɞɟɤɚɪɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵ (ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪ ɬԥɭɟɥɫɿɡ ɛɨɥɚ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ) ԧɬɟ
ɬɢɿɦɫɿɡ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɬɵɧɵ ɟɫɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪ ԥɪ ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ
ԧɡɿɧɟ ɬԥɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɢɿɦɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɞɚɣ ɟɬɿɥɿɩ, ɬɚԙɞɚɥɵɧɵɩ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɠΟɣɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɧɵɧ ɭɚΙɵɬɬɵΝ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɫΩɬɿɧɞɟ ɠΩɧɟ ɬɟɤ ɛɿɪ
ɦɚΕɵɧɚɞɚ ɚɧɵΙɬɚɣɬɵɧ, ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɬΩɭɟɥɫɿɡ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪ – ɠΟɣɟɧɿΝ
ɠɚɥɩɵɥɚɧΕɚɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
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