Page 40 - index
P. 40
Ⱥɥ ɟɧɞɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ Ɉ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɝɟɧɧɟɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ
ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɛɚɫ ɤԛɲ Fɛ ɠԥɧɟ ( Ɋ , Ɋ/ ) ɠԝɛɵ ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɵɧ, ɹԑɧɢ Fɛ z 0 ,
M Ɉ z 0 ɞɟɩ (36-ɫɭɪɟɬ) ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. ( M Ɉ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɧɞɚԑɵ Ɉ ԥɪɩɿ ɛɚɫ
ɛ ɛ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ Ɉ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ). ɀԝɩɬɵԙ ɢɿɧɿ ɦɟɧ ɤԛɲɿɧ
ԧɡɝɟɪɬɿɩ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧ ɫɨɥ ԕɚɥɩɵɧɞɚ ԕɚɥɞɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɠɚԙɚ ɠԝɩɬɵԙ ( F, F 1 ) ɤԛɲɿ ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɞɵԙ
ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ, ɹԑɧɢ F F 1 Fɛ . Ԧɡɝɟɪɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɠԝɩɬɵ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕԕɚ
ɤԧɲɿɪɟɣɿɤ, ɬɟɤ ɛԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɠԝɩɬɵԙ ɛɿɪ ɤԛɲɿ, ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, F1 ɤԛɲɿ Ɉ
ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɿɩ, Fɛ ɤԛɲɿɧɟ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɫɵɧ. Ȼԝɥɚɣ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, Fɛ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɦɟɧ F1 ɤԛɲɿ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ
ԕԝɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɞɟɧɟɝɟ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɟɲ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɩɟɣ-ɚԕ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ
ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɚ ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ
ɤԛɲ ԕɚɥɚɞɵ, ɨɥ ɤԛɲ – F . Ɉɫɵ ɤԛɲ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ
ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɟɝɟɪ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ɤԧɲɿɪɝɟɧɧɟɧ
ɤɟɣɿɧ ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ( Fɛ ) ɠԥɧɟ ɛɚɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ( M Ɉ ) ɧԧɥɝɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛԝɥ
ɛ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ – ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɬԝɪԑɵɞɚɧ ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪԑɚ ɬɟԙ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭ
ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ( O ) ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɦɟɝɟɧ ɬɟԙ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤԛɲɤɟ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɧԛɤɬɟ O
ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟɧ d M Ɉ ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɚɞɵ (36-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ:
ɛ
Fɛ
M O M (F1, F ) Fɛ d . (16)
ɛ
ȿɫɤɟɪɬɩɟ. Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ ȼɚɪɢɧɶɨɧ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ (II ɬɚɪɚɭ, §4) ɬɭɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ.
ɀɨΕɚɪɵɞɚΕɵ 36-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟɝɿ F ɤΟɲɿ ɬɟΝ Ωɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲɿ ɤΟɲ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ
ɨɧɵΝ O ɧΟɤɬɟɫɿ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ ɚɥɵɧΕɚɧ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɥɵΙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ: Ɇɨ (F ) F d .
ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ɠɚΕɵɧɚɧ, ɨɫɵ ɲɚɦɚΕɚ, ɤΟɲɬɟɪ ɠΟɣɟɫɿɧɿΝ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ ɚɥɵɧΕɚɧ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧɟ ɞΩɥ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ, ( F, F 1 ) ɠΡɛɵɧɵΝ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɥɵΙ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɞɟ ɬɟΝ
¦ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹΕɧɢ Ɇɨ (F ) Ɇ ɨ (Fi ) .
§3. Ʉԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɛɿɪ ɠԝɩԕɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭ
Ȼɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ (ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɛԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɦɟɝɟɧ) O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ
ɤԧɲɿɪɿɥɝɟɧɧɟɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɨɫɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɝɟ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪԑɚ ( Fɛ ) ɠԥɧɟ ( Ɋ , Ɋ/ )
ɠԝɛɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɲɵԕɫɵɧ. Ⱥɥ ɛԝɥ ɠԝɩɬɵԙ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɥɵԕ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɛɚɫ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɤɟ ( M Ɉ ) ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (37-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
ɛ
38
