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«ԕɚɪɫɵɥɚɫɚɞɵ». Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ ԕɚɪɫɵɥɚɫɭɵɧ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɚԑɚɥɚɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

11-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ȼԝɥ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ɞɟɧɟɧɿ ԕɢɸ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɣԑɚԕɬɚɩ, ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ (ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ,
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.) ԕԝɪɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɧ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɉɫɵɧɞɚɣ Ωɞɿɫɬɿ Ιɢɦɚɥɚɪ ɬΩɫɿɥɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿ ɬɨɥɵԑɵɪɚԕ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɞɟɧɟɧɿ, ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵ ɚɥɵɩ
ԕɚɪɚɣɵԕ (11 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɉɫɵ ԕɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵ «S» ԕɢɦɚɫɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɨɣɲɚ ɬɿɥɿɩ ɟɤɿɝɟ ɛԧɥɟɣɿɤ ɬɟ, ɨɧɵԙ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɩ, ɨԙ ɠɚԕ
ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ⱥɥɵɧɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕɬɚԑɵ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɨԙ
ɠɚԕ ɛԧɥɿɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ Ⱥ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
(11 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ). ȿɤɿ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɨɪɬɚԕ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ (ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, «Ⱥ» ԕɢɦɚɫɵ) ɿɲɤɿ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ, ɬɟɤ ԕɚɪɚɦɚ-ԕɚɪɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ. Ԥɪɢɧɟ, ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ
ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ԥɪ ɬԛɣɿɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧɞɿɤɬɟɧ ɛɚɫԕɚ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɚԑɵ
ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɛɚɫԕɚɲɚ ɛɨɥɭɵ ԥɛɞɟɧ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥ. ȱɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԕɢɦɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ,
ɤԧɛɿɧɟɫɟ, ԧɬɟ ɛɿɪ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԕɩɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ, ɨɥ ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԕ
ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ԕɢɵɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɵɦɟɧ, ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ԥɪ ɛԧɥɿɝɿ ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ
ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ԕɨɣɵɥɭ ɲɚɪɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ ԧɡɿ ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɞɟ ɟɤɟɧɿ
ɚɬɚɩ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ, ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɡɚԙɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɛɿɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɝɟ ɠɢɧɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɿɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ

ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ (Ɉ) ɠɢɧɚɣɦɵɡ. ɇԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ( Ɋ ) ɦɟɧ

ɛɚɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɿ ( Ɇ ) ɚɥɚɦɵɡ (12 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ). ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ
ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ԛɲ ɨɫɶ (x,y,z) ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɦɿɡ ɞɟ, ɛɚɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɧ ɛɚɫ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɿ ɨɫɵ ԛɲ ɨɫɶɤɟ ɠɿɤɬɟɣɦɿɡ (ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɥɚɣɦɵɡ). ɋɨɧɵԙ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ,
ɚɥɬɵ ɬԛɪɥɿ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

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