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ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. Ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪ ɬԥɫɿɥɿ - ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɛɿɪɿ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɚɬɵɧ, ɬԧɪɬ
ɤɟɡɟԙɧɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɛɚɫɚ ɚɣɬɭɵɦɵɡ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɉɥ ɤɟɡɟԙɞɟɪ ɦɵɧɚɥɚɪ:

1. ȱɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɿɡɞɟɥɿɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ, ɨɣɲɚ ԕɢɦɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɦɿɡ
(ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, «Ⱥ» ԕɢɦɚɫɵ). Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɞɟɧɟ ɟɤɿɝɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ (ɨɣɲɚ).

2. ȿɤɿ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ԕɚɣ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿ
ԕɚɥɞɵɪɭ ɦԥɫɟɥɟɫɿɧ ɲɟɲɤɟɧɞɟ, ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɲɟɲɿɥɭ ɠɨɥɵɧɵԙ ɠɟԙɿɥ, ɵԙԑɚɣɥɵ
ɛɨɥɭɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɠԧɧ.

3. Ⱥɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɛԧɥɿɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ, ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɣɦɿɡ ( N, Qɯ, …).

4. Ɍɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ( ¦ X 0, ¦Y 0, ¦ Z 0, ¦ M x 0, ¦ M y 0, ¦ M z )

ԕԝɪɚɦɵɡ.
Ɉɫɵ ԕԝɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ

ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɛɟɪɿɥɦɟɝɟɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɬɚɪɵɧ ɚɥɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

§3. Ʉɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ
Ȼɟɪiɤɬiɤ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɿɧ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɲɟɲɭ, ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɢɦɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɬɚɪɚɥɭ
ɡɚԙɵɧ ɫɚɧɦɟɧ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɭɝɟ ɬɵԑɵɡ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɟɤɟɧiɧ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɚɣɬԕɚɧɛɵɡ. Ⱥɥ

ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɢɦɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɬɚɪɚɥɭ ɡɚԙɵɧ ɫɚɧ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ
“ɤɟɪɧɟɭ” ԝԑɵɦɵɧ ɤɿɪɝɿɡɿɩ, ɛԝɞɚɧ ɛɵɥɚɣ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ «Ⱥ» ԕɢɦɚɫɵ ɛɟɪɿɥɫɿɧ (13-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɉɫɵ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɤ
ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ ɦɚԙɵɧɚɧ 'Ⱥ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɚɭɞɚɧɵɧ ɛԧɥɿɩ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ ɚɭɞɚɧԑɚ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿ 'R ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɿɤ. Cɨɧɞɚ, ɤԛɲ ɩɟɧ ɚɭɞɚɧɧɵԙ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɨɪɬɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. əԑɧɢ:

PǤǦǨ 'R . (1.1)
'A

13-ɫɭɪɟɬ 14-ɫɭɪɟɬ

ȿɧɞɿ 'Ⱥ ɚɭɞɚɧɵɧ ɤɿɲɿɪɟɣɬɟ-ɤɿɲɿɪɟɣɬɟ ɤ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ɠɚԕɵɧɞɚɬɚɣɵԕ. Ⱥɭɞɚɧ
ɧԧɥɝɟ ɠɭɵԕɬɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɛԝɥ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫ (1.1) ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ.

lim 'R Ɋɬɨɥ (1.2)
Ⱥo0 'Ⱥ

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