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V 1 J ˜Ⱥ˜z J ˜z. (2.15)
ȺȺ
Ȼԝɥ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɞɚ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵԙ ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬiԙ
ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵɧɚ ԝԕɫɚɫ, ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ J ˜ l -ɝɟ ɬɟԙ, ɨɥ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԕɚɬɚԙ ɛɟɤiɬiɥɝɟɧ

ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (23 ɜ-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧ ɬɚɛɭ
ԛɲiɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ d[ ɛԧɥiɝiɧiԙ ԝɡɚɪɭɵɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ

ɛԧɥiɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɭɲi ɤԛɲ J ˜ A˜ z ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ (23 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ȼɟɥɝiɥi

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ,

dG J ˜ Ⱥ[ ˜ d[
EȺ
ԧɪɧɟɝɿɧ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.
Ɍɟԙɞiɤɬiԙ ɟɤi ɠɚԑɵɧ ɞɚ l ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɫɚԕ, ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕɬɚɧ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɨɪɵɧ

ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ – G ɲɵԑɚɞɵ. Ɉԙ ɠɚԕɬɵ, ԥɡiɪɲɟ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɬԛɪiɧɞɟ ԕɚɥɞɵɪɚɦɵɡ.
A˜[ d[
G ³ J ˜ EA ˜ . (2.16)

Ɉɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵɥɚɦɚ ɬԛɪiɧ ɚɥɭ ԛɲiɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɝi
ɲɟɝiɧ z ɞɟɩ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. ɋɨɧɞɚ:

³G " J ˜ Ⱥ[ ˜ d[ J (l 2 z2).
z EȺ 2E

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɡɚԙɵ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɬɵԕ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɞi. ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɝi ԕɢɦɚɫɵ ( z 0 ) ɟԙ ɤԧɩ ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕԕɚ

ɠɵɥɠɢɞɵ.

G max J ˜"2 . (2.17)
2E

Ɉɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɵԙ ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵ 23 ɝ-ɫɭɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬiɥɝɟɧ.

§5. Ʉԧɥɛɟɭ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ. ɀɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԝɩɬɵԕ ɡɚԙɵ
ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɫɨɡɵɥɭ ɦɟɧ ɫɵԑɵɥɭ ɤɟɡiɧɞɟɝi ɤɟɪɧɟɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɣiɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ԛɲiɧ,
ɨɧɵԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪiɧ ɬɚɛɚɣɵԕ. Ɉɥ ԛɲiɧ ɫɨɡɵɥɵɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɚɧ
(24-ɫɭɪɟɬ), ɟɤi ɬiɤ ԕɢɦɚ (m-m, n-n) ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ l ɛԧɥiɤɬi ɤɟɫiɩ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ.
ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɭɞɚɧɵ Ⱥ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵԙ ɬiɤ

ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ V 1 ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ȿɧɞi, ɨɣɲɚ ɤԧɥɛɟɭ (k-k) ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧ
Ⱥ

ɠԛɪɝiɡɟɣiɤ. Ȼԝɥ ԕɢɦɚ ɬiɤ ԕɢɦɚɦɟɧ D ɛԝɪɵɲɵɧ ɠɚɫɚɣɞɵ (24 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ɉԙ ɠɚԕ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɩ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞiɝiɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ (24 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ). ȿɝɟɪ ɤԧɥɛɟɭ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɚɭɞɚɧɵɧ, ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ

ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧɞɟɣ, ȺD ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝiɥɟɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ ȺD A ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ʉԧɥɛɟɭ
cos D

ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞi Ɋɬɨɥ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɬɚԙɛɚɥɚɣɦɵɡ.

ɋɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɡ.

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