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Ԧɬɤɟɧ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɬɚ H '" / " ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɛɨɣɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɩ

ɚɬɚԑɚɧɛɵɡ. ȿɧɞi ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙiɧiԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭiɧ 'ɚ ɚ1 ɚ ɞɟɩ ɚɥɵɩ, 'ɚ
ɚ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ ɞɚ, H c ԥɪɩiɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝiɥɟɣɦiɡ.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ:

H c 'ɚ . (2.11)
ɚ

Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɛɨɣɥɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹԑɚ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬi ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬi ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.

P Hc . (2.12)
H

ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬi ɞɟ ( P ) ɫɟɪɩiɦɞiɥiɤ ɦɨɞɭɥiɧiԙ ɛiɪiɧɲi ɬԛɪi (ȿ)

ɫɟɤiɥɞi, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥiɤɬɟɪiɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬiɧ ɬɚԑɵ ɛiɪ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ –
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɵԙ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.

Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬiɧiԙ ɤԧɦɟɝiɦɟɧ ɫɨɡɵɥԑɚɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɫɵԑɵɥԑɚɧ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦiɧiԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭiɧ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ l, ɚɥ ɨɧɵԙ ɚɭɞɚɧɵ Ⱥ k ˜ a 2 ɛɨɥɫɵɧ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝi N
ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥiɤɬɟɪiɧɟ ɛɚԑɵɧɵɲɬɵ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚ ɬԧɪɬɛԝɪɵɲ ɛɨɥɫɚ (ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪi «ɚ»

ɠԥɧɟ «ɜ»), ɨɧɞɚ N=a/ɜ; ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪi d-ԑɚ ɬɟԙ ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤ ɛɨɥɫɚ,

ɨɧɞɚ N = S/4.

ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹԑɚ ɞɟɣiɧɝi ɤԧɥɟɦi V k ˜ a2 ˜ " ɛɨɥɫɵɧ.

Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɟɡiɧɞɟ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ "1 " '" , ɚɥ ɚɭɞɚɧɵ

Ⱥ1 k(a 'ɚ)2 ɛɨɥɵɩ ԧɡɝɟɪɫiɧ. ȿɧɞi ɨɧɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦi V1 k(l 'l)(a 'a)2

ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ʉԧɥɟɦiɧiԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԧɡɝɟɪɭiɧ 'V ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝiɥɟɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ:

'V V1 V .
V

ɋɨԙԑɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɬԛɪɥɟɧɞiɪɟɣiɤ,

kl(1 'l a 2 (1 'a )2 ka 2l
l a
> @'V
k (l 'l)(a 'a)2 ka 2l ka 2l kla 2 (1 H )(1 H c)2 1 .
ka 2l
kla 2

H c -ɬiԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ PH -ɞi ԕɨɹɦɵɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣiɧ:

'V (1 H )(1 PH )2 1.

ɀɚԕɲɚɧɵ ɚɲɵɩ, H ɚɡ ɲɚɦɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵԙ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɬɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɤɭɛiɧ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ɚɡ ɲɚɦɚ ɪɟɬiɧɞɟ ɟɫɤɟɪɭɫiɡ ԕɚɥɞɵɪɫɚԕ:
'V H (1 2P) .
(2.13)

Ɍԥɠiɪɢɛɟɧiԙ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɭiɧɟɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɚɪ ɫɨɡɵɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɨɧɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦi ɤԧɛɟɣiɩ,
ɫɵԑɵɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɤԧɥɟɦiɧiԙ ɚɡɚɹɬɵɧɵɧ ɛiɥɟɦiɡ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɞɟɪɥiɤ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬi 0,5 ɫɚɧɵɧɚɧ ɤɟɦ

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