Page 456 - index

'dz N ˜ dz .
E˜À
Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧɞɚ " ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɩ, ɬɨɥɵԕ ԝɡɚɪɭɞɵ

ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɥ ԝɡɚɪɭ:

'" ³ N ˜ dz . (2.7)
E ˜ Ⱥ
l

Ɍԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɚɫɵɦ ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɝɿɧɞɟ ԥɪ ɚɥɚɩɬɚԑɵ
ɛɨɣɥɵԕ ɤԛɲ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ, ɚɥɚɩɬɚɪ ɛɿɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɧ
ɠɚɫɚɥɵɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɭɞɚɧɞɚɪɵ (Ⱥ) ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɫɨԙԑɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿɞɟɣ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

'" N ˜" . (2.8)
EȺ
ȿȺ – ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ (ɫɨɡɵɥɭɞɚԑɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵԑɵɥɭɞɚԑɵ) ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԑɵ ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɟɣɛɿɪ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɬɟɤ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ԑɚɧɚ ɟɦɟɫ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ԝɡɚɪɭɞɵ ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ԝɡɚɪɭɵɧ,

ɨɫɵ ɟɤɿ ԥɫɟɪɞɟɧ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ԝɡɚɪɭɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɩԥɧɿɧɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɚɥɚɣɵԕ:

'" ɬɟɦ D ˜ " ˜ 't 0 . (2.9)
D – ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɥɵԕ ԝɡɚɪɭɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ;

't 0 – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ.

Ȼԝɥ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ԝɡɚɪɭɵɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ. Ⱥɥ ɟɧɞɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɞɟ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɟ
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɧɵԙ ԝɡɚɪɭɵ

'"ɬɨɥ N ˜" D ˜ " ˜ 't 0 (2.10)
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. EȺ

§3. Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ
ɋɨɡɵɥԑɚɧɞɚ, ɧɟ ɫɵԑɵɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɬɟɤ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ ԑɚɧɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɞi,
ɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿ ɞɟ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ: Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɫɵɪɵԕ
ɫɨɡɵɥɫɚ ɠɿԙɿɲɤɟɪɟɞɿ (22 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ), ɚɥ ɫɵԑɵɥɫɚ – ɠɭɚɧɞɚɣɞɵ (22 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

22-ɫɭɪɟɬ
454