Page 458 - index

ɛɨɥɭɵ ɤɟɪɟɤ (P 0,5). Ԧɣɬɤɟɧi, P=0,5 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɫɨԙԑɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ,
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɟɡiɧɞɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦi ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɉɧɞɚɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪ ɠɨԕɬɵԙ ԕɚɫɵ. Ɍɟɤ ɤɚɭɱɭɤ ɬɟɤɬɟɫ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬi 0,5
ɫɚɧɵɧɚ ɠɚԕɵɧɞɚɭ.

§4. ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԧɡ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵɧɵԙ ɫɨɡɵɥɭ ɦɟɧ ɫɵԑɵɥɭԑɚ ԥɫɟɪɿ
ɋɵɪɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɨɡɵɥɭɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɵԑɵɥɭɵɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ iɲɤi
ɤԛɲɬɟɪiɧ, ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪiɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɦɟɧ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɥɚɪɵɧ ɬɚɩԕɚɧ
ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɛiɡ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԧɡ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɦɟɝɟɧ ɟɞiɤ. ȿɧɞi ɨɫɵ ɫɚɥɦɚԕɬɵԙ
ɫɨɡɵɥɭԑɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵԑɵɥɭԑɚ ԥɫɟɪi ԕɚɧɲɚɥɵԕɬɵ ɟɤɟɧiɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɵԕ.
ɀɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɲɟɬi ԕɚɬɚԙ ɛɟɤiɬiɥɝɟɧ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ l, ɚɭɞɚɧɵ Ⱥ,
ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԑɵ EȺ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (23 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɵԙ ɦɟɧɲiɤɬi ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ J
ɛɨɥɫɵɧ.
ɋɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ iɲɤi ɤԛɲɬɟɪiɧ N, ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪiɧ V ɠԥɧɟ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧ G ɬɚɭɵɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɩɸɪɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɚɣɵԕ.
Ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪ ɬԥɫiɥi ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɝi, ɛɨɫ ɲɟɬiɧɟɧ z ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɧ,
ɨɣɲɚ ɬiɥiɩ, ɨɧɵ ɟɤiɝɟ ɛԧɥɟɦiɡ. ɀɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɛԧɥiɝiɧ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɩ, ɨɧɵԙ ԕɚɥԑɚɧ
ɛԧɥiɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪiɧ N ɤԛɲi ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɣɦiɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ z-ɤɟ ɬɟԙ
ɬԧɦɟɧɝi ɛԧɥiɤɬiԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵ J ˜ Ⱥ˜ z -ɤɟ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (23 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

23-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɛԧɥiɤɬiԙ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞiɝiɧ ɟɫɤɟɪiɩ,
ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭiɧ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɡ.

¦z 0 Ÿ J ˜ A˜z 0 Ÿ N J ˜ A˜z (2.14)

Ȼɨɣɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬiԙ (N) ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵ 23ɛ-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬiɥɝɟɧ. ɗɩɸɪɚɧɵԙ ɛԝɥɚɣ
ɛɨɥɭɵɧɵԙ ɫɟɛɟɛi: ɛɨɣɥɵԕ ɤԛɲɬiԙ ɫɵɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɥɭɵ ɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ z=0 ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ N=0; ɚɥ z=l
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ N J ˜ A ˜ l .

ȿɧɞi ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞi ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:

456