Page 512 - index

ɋɨԙԑɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɵԙ ɚɫɬɵɧɚɧ Gș ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɦɵɡ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɨɥɚɪ
ɚɭɞɚɧԑɚ (Ⱥ) ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɟɦɟɫ, ɹԑɧɢ:

³M G GT U 2dA . (ɜ)

Ⱥ

ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɬɚԑɵ ɛɿɪ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ,
ԧɥɲɟɦɿ (ɫɦ4 ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɦɦ4). Ȼԝɥ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɵ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɩɨɥɹɪɥɵԕ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɩ, Jp ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿɦɟɧ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɣɞɿ:

³J U U 2dA . (6.8)

Ⱥ

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, M G GT ˜ J U ɧɟɦɟɫɟ

T MG . (6.9)
GJ U

ɋɨԙԑɵ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ ș-ɧɵԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ, ɨɧɵԙ (6.7) ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ ɦԥɧɿɧ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ.

dM M G ɧɟɦɟɫɟ dM M G dz
dz GJ U GJ U

Ɍɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɠɚԑɵɧ ɞɚ ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɫɚԕ, ɨɧɵԙ
ɨԙ ɠɚԑɵ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɛԝɪɚɥɭ ɛԝɪɵɲɵɧ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ:

³M M G dz . (6.10)
GJ U

Ɇԝɧɞɚԑɵ, M – ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɛԝɪɵɥɭ ɛԝɪɵɲɵ, " – ɿɡɞɟɥɿɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ

ɟɤɿ ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɚɪɚԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԑɵ.

ȿɝɟɪ ԕɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɚɪɚɥɵԕɬɚ ɛԝɪɚɥɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԕ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɨԙɚɣ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ.

M MG ˜" (6.11)
G ˜ JU

ɀɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ (6.9) ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ T -ɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɧ «ԥ»

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧɚ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ. ɋɨɧɞɚ W G MG U,
G ˜ JU

W M G ˜U . (6.12)
JU

ɀɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɬɚɪɚɥɭ ɡɚԙɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ Jp – ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɫɵ
ԕɢɦɚ ԛɲɿɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ. ɋɨɥ ɫɟɤɿɥɞɿ ɛԝɪɚɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɞɟ ԥɪ ԕɢɦɚ ԛɲɿɧ
ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ IJ, ԕɢɦɚɧɵԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ
ɡɚԙɵɦɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ (76-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ʉɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ, ɛɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɞɟɧ
ԕɚɧɲɚɦɚ ɚɥɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɥ ɧԛɤɬɟɞɟɝɿ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɫɨɧɲɚɦɚ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

510