Page 514 - index

77-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ȼԝɥ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɨɥ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿɧ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

WU MG Ÿ D 16M G (6.16)

>W @ S >W @

Ȼԝɪɚɥɵɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԑɵɧ
ɬɚɥɚɩ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɪ ɞɟ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ,

ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɛԝɪɚɥɭ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɚɪɵ ɛɟɪɿɥɟɞɿ (ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɥɚɞɵ): >T @ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ >M@ .

Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ԕɚɬɚԙɞɵԕ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵɧ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥɚɪ

T max MG d >T @ ɠԥɧɟ M max MG˜ d >M@. (6.17)
G ˜ JU G ˜ JU

7-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɌԚɁɍ ɋɕɊɕԔɌȺɊȾɕԘ ɂȱɅɍȱ

ɋɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɿɧɟɧ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɞɟ ɢɸɲɿ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬԛɪɿ – ɢɿɥɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɬɟɤ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ɢɸ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ
ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɬԛɪɿɧ ɬɚɡɚ ɢɿɥɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ ɤԧɛɿɧɟɫɟ, ɢɸɲɿ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ
ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲ ɬɟ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ – ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɂɿɥɭɞɿԙ ɛԝɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɞɚ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɿ ɤԧɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ ɭɚԕɵɬɵ ɤɟɥɝɟɧɞɟ, ɤɟɥɟɫɿ
ɬɚɪɚɭɥɚɪɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ.

§1. ɂɿɥɭɞɟɝɿ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ. ɗɩɸɪɚɥɚɪ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ, ɫɨɥ
ԕɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɞɟɧɟɧɿԙ iɲɤi ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɞɟɧɟ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɥɭ
ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԑɵɧɚ ɬɿɤɟɥɟɣ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɟɤɟɧɿ ɛɟɥɝɿɥi. ɋɨɥ ԛɲɿɧ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɵԙ
ɢɿɥɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟɝɿ ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɬɚɪɚɥɭ
ɡɚԙɞɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɩ, ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɢɸɲɿ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɿΝ (Ɇ) ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɤΫɥɞɟɧɟΝ ɤΟɲɬɿΝ (Q) ɷɩɸɪɚɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥΕɚɧ
ɿɲɤɿ ɤΟɲɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɚɪΙɚɥɵΙɬɵΝ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ Ϋɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɤΫɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ
ɡɚΝɞɵɥɵΙɬɵΝ ɝɪɚɮɢɝɿɧ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ. Ɉɥɚɪɞɵԙ (ɿɲɤi ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞiԙ) ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ԛɲiɧ ɦɵɧɚɧɞɚɣ ɟɪɟɠɟ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɦɵɡ.

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