Page 522 - index

Ȼԝɪɵɧԑɵ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɩɟɧ ɛԝɥ ɷɩɸɪɚɧɵ ɞɚ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɚɦɵɡ. Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ
ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɵԙ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɷɩɸɪɚɥɚɪɵ 83 ɝ-ɫɭɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.

§2. ɂɸ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚɪɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ԕɚɪԕɵɧɞɵɥɵԑɵ
ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤɬɟɪ

Ԕԝɪɵɥɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞiԙ ɷɩɸɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɚ ɡɟɪ
ɫɚɥɵɩ ԕɚɪɚɫɚԕ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɛɚɪ ɟɤɟɧɿ
ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɤɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɣԕɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɦɵɧɚ ɛɿɪ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɵ ɚɥɵɩ
ԕɚɪɚɣɵԕ (84ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

84-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ȼԝɥ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ԕɢɦɚ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ dz ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿ

ɛԧɥɿɩ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɧɵԙ ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ Q ɠԥɧɟ M ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ ɩɚɣɞɚ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɨԙ ɠɚԕ ԕɢɦɚɫɵ ɛԝɥ ԕɢɦɚԑɚ ԧɬɟ ɬɚɹɭ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɞɚԑɵ
ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɚɡ ɲɚɦɚԑɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ: Q+dQ ɠԥɧɟ Ɇ+dM ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ

ԕɚɬɚɪ ԕɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɛԧɥɿɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɬɚɪɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ
ԕɚɪԕɵɧɞɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɥɭԑɚ ԥɛɞɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ: q = const (84 Ω-
ɫɭɪɟɬ).
ȿɧɞɿ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ dz ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤԛɣɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
6y 0, Q g ˜ dz (Q dQ) 0 Ÿ dQ qdz .

Ɍɟԙɞiɤɬiԙ ɟɤi ɠɚԑɵɧ dz-ɤɟ ɛԧɥɝɟɧɧɟɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ:

dQ q. (7.1)
dz

Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɧ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲɬiԙ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬɭɵɧɞɵɫɵ, ɬɚɪɚɥԑɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ
ԕɚɪԕɵɧɞɵɥɵԑɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧɿɧ ɚɣԕɵɧɞɚɞɵԕ.

(dz) 2
2
6M 0 0, M Q ˜ dz q (M dM ) 0

Ȼԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ q (dz)2 - ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɞɟɝi ɚɡ ɲɚɦɚ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵ

2

ɟɫɟɩɤɟ ɚɥɦɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɧɞɚ:

520