Page 527 - index

V M˜ɭ. (7.14)
Jɯ
§4. Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭɞɟɝɿ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ

Ɍɚɡɚ ɢɿɥɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɵԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɬɟɤ ɬɿɤ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧɚ ɤԧɡɿɦɿɡ ɠɟɬɬɿ.
Ȼԝɥɚɪԑɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɢɸ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ. Ⱥɥ
ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢiɥɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɢɸ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ, ɛԝɞɚɧ ɛԝɪɵɧ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚԑɚɧɛɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ԕɢɦɚ

ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɬɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɠɚɬԕɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɢɵɧɬɵԑɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕɬɵԙ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɬɿɤ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ – V f (M ) ɠԥɧɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ – W M(Q) ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ

(88-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵ, ԥɪɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɚɭɞɚɧɧɵԙ
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵɧɚ, ɹԑɧɢ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ (Ȗ)
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵɧɚ ԥɤɟɩ ɫɨԑɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭɞɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɿɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɦɵɡ.

88-ɫɭɪɟɬ

I. Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕ ɛɨɣɵɧɞɚ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ.
II. Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɤԛɲ ɚɪԕɚɥɵԕ ɛɨɣɵɧɞɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɥɿ.
1) Ʉԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ɢɿɥɭɞɿԙ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬԛɪɿɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ ԕɢɦɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɬɚɪɚɥɦɚԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɞɚ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧɞɟ
ԕɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ Q=const ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɢɫɚɸɵ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (89-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ l z ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ ɟɤɿ ԕɢɦɚɧɵ ɚɥɵɩ
ԕɚɪɚɣɵԕ. Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɫɶɬɟɧ y ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ Ⱥȼ – ɬɚɥɲɵԑɵɧɵԙ
ԝɡɚɪɭɵ, ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɡɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧɞɟ ԕɚɥɭ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԕɚɥɦɚɭɵɧɚ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧɵ 89-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.

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