Page 58 - index
P. 58
55-ɫɭɪɟɬ
o oo
F ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ O ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧ Ɇ 0 (F )
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ. 55 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬɿɧɟɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧɞɚɣ:
oo
M 0 (F ) F h 2 SOAB ,
ɛԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ SOAB – 55 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ OAB ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɵɧɵԙ
ɚɭɞɚɧɵ.
Ȼԝɞɚɧ ɛɵɥɚɣ, ɤɟɣɛɿɪ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɤԛɲɬɿԙ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚɦɵɡ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ,
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɞɚɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚ ɟɫɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ: ɟɤɿ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɞɵԙ,
oo
ɹԑɧɢ ɚ ɠԥɧɟ b ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɞɟɩ, ɨɫɵ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɞɟɪɿɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɩ, ɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ, ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿ
ɚɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԙ ɫɢɧɭɫɵɧɚ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɲɚɦɚԑɚ
o
ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ c ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧ ɚɣɬɚɞɵ (55 Ω-ɫɭɪɟɬ). Ȼԝɥ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ
ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕԕɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɛɨɥɵɩ, ɤԛɲ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɵ ɫɚԑɚɬ ɬɿɥɿɧɟ ԕɚɪɫɵ
ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɚɬɵɧ ɠɚԕԕɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ O ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧ
o
r ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɿɤ, ɫɨɧɞɚ h r sin(S -I) r sinI , ɚɥ M0 (F ) F r sinI ,
oo
ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧɞɟɣ, I - F ɠԥɧɟ r ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɤԛɲɬɿԙ O ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ ԕɚɬɵɫɬɵ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤԛɲ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɿɩ
ɬԝɪԑɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ ɤԛɲ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɚ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɦɟɧ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ
o o oo (27)
M 0(F) ru F .
ɋɨԙԑɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ (27) ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧɵ ɟɫɬɟ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ (ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɫɚ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɞɵԙ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵ ԧɡɝɟɪɿɩ ɤɟɬɟɞɿ).
Ʉɟɥɟɫɿ ɤɟɡɟɤɬɟ, ɨɫɶ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ,
ԕɚɬɬɵ ɞɟɧɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ Oz ɨɫɿɧ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ (56-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ a ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ F ɤԛɲɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɣɿɤ. Ⱦɟɧɟɧɿԙ a ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ Oz
ɨɫɿɧɟ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɀ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɚɣɵԕ, ɫɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ F ɤԛɲɿɧ ɟɤɿ
ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵԑɚ ɠɿɤɬɟɣɿɤ. Ʉԛɲɬɿԙ ɛɿɪ ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɫɵ Fc , ɛԝɥ Oz ɨɫɿɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ
ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɫɿ F1 – ɀ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɞɚ ɠɚɬɚɞɵ. Ʉԛɲɬɿԙ
ԕԝɪɚɭɲɵɫɵ Fc , ԥɪɢɧɟ, ɞɟɧɟɧɿ Oz ɨɫɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɚ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɬɟɤ ԕɚɧɚ
56
