Page 246 - index
P. 246
ɛɨɥɦɚɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɚɪɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɬɚԑɵ ɞɚ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ (ɟɪɿɤɫɿɡ) ɧԛɤɬɟ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɬɚɪ – ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ⱥɥ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɠԛɣɟ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɨɧɵԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿ ɟɪɤɿɧ ɛɨɥɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ȿɝɟɪ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ, ɠԛɣɟ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɬɚɪɵɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɪɚɬɵɧ
ɲɟɤɬɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɦɟɧ (ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵ ɟɦɟɫ) ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɦԝɧɞɚɣ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɝɨɥɨɧɨɦɞɵ (ɝɪɟɤɲɟ: holos – ɛԛɬɿɧ, nomos – ɡɚԙ) ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
əԑɧɢ
f (x1, y1, z1,..., xn , y, zn ) 0 .
Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɚɧɵ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟɭ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ ɬԛɫɿɧɿɤɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɿɪɿ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ (ɥɚɬ.
virtus – Ιɚɛɿɥɟɬɬɿɥɿɤ, Ιɭɚɬ) ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɤԧɲɩɟɣ ɬԝɪɵɩ, ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟɣɿɤ:
- ɟɝɟɪ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɦɟɧ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɝɨɥɨɧɨɦɞɵ, ɚɥ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɞɚɧɛɚɣɬɵɧ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɦɟɧ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɝɨɥɨɧɨɦɞɵ ɟɦɟɫ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ;
- ɟɝɟɪ ɭɚԕɵɬ (t) ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɝɟ (ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤɤɟ) ɚɧɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ
ɤɿɪɦɟɣɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɥɵ, ɚɥ ɭɚԕɵɬ (t) ɬɟԙɞɟɭɝɟ
(ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤɤɟ) ɚɧɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɤɿɪɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɥɵ ɟɦɟɫ ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ;
- ɟɝɟɪ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬɟɤ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɦɟɧ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɨɥ Ρɫɬɚɣɬɵɧ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ, ɚɥ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ ɬɟԙɫɿɡɞɿɤɩɟɧɞɟ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɛɨɥɫɚ,
ɨɧɞɚ Ρɫɬɚɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, x2 y 2 z 2 25 0
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ Ρɫɬɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ
ɧԛɤɬɟ ɨɫɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵԙ ɧɟ ɿɲɿɧɟ ɤɿɪɿɩ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɪɬɵɧɚ ɲɵԑɵɩ ɤɟɬɟ ɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
Ⱥɥ x2 y 2 z 2 25 d 0 ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ Ρɫɬɚɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɨɫɵ ɫɮɟɪɚɧɵԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɚ ɚɥɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɮɟɪɚɞɚɧ ɲɵԑɵɩ ɬɚ ɤɟɬɟ ɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɞɚɧ ɛɵɥɚɣ,
ԝɫɬɚɣɬɵɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ ԑɚɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɬɵɧ ɛɨɥɚɦɵɡ;
- ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ: ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥɵɧɚɬɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ
(ɫɚԕɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ) ɛɨɥɵɩ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɝɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ. Ԕɚɣ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɭԑɚ
ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵ, ɚɥ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵɧ ɚɥɵɩ ɬɚɫɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧɵ ԥɪ ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɝɿɧɟ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɲɟɲɿɥɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɠԛɣɟ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɿԙ, ɭɚԕɵɬɬɵԙ ɨɫɵ ɫԥɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɨɪɧɵɧɚɧ, ɲɟɤɫɿɡ
ɠɚԕɵɧ ɨɪɵɧԑɚ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɵԙ ɫɨɥ ɫԥɬɿɧɞɟ, ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ ɛԧɝɟɬ
ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵ – ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɞɵ
ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
244
