Page 417 - index

Ɍɿɫɬɿԙ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɿ ɨɧɵԙ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɫɵ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɲɟԙɛɟɪ – ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɲɟΝɛɟɪ
ɫɚɧɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɇɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ nn ɬԛɡɭɿ («ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɬΟɡɭ») ɚɣɧɚɥԑɚɧɞɚԑɵ,

ɨɫɵ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɫɵɧ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɭ 93-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɬԛɡɭ nn ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ Ⱥ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ɠɚɧɚɫɵɩ

ɬԝɪɫɵɧ. Ɍԛɡɭɞɿԙ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɫɵɡɚɬɵɧ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɧɵ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ⱥɥɞɵɦɟɧ,
ȺɆ ɬԛɡɭɿɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɟɪɝɟ, ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, ɬԧɪɬ ɛԧɥɿɤɤɟ ɛԧɥɟɦɿɡ.
ɞɨԑɚɥɚɪ ɫɚɥɚɦɵɡ,
ȿɧɞɿ ɧ4ɟ3ɝɿɡɝ4ɿ 3ɲ, ɟԙ3ɛ2ɟɪɝ3ɟ2 ȺɆ ɬԛɡɭɿɧɿԙ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɨɥɚɪ , ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ. (ɨɪɬɚɥɵԕ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɚɪ

ɞɨԑɚɥɚɪɞɵ ɯɨɪɞɚɥɚɪɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ).

93-ɫɭɪɟɬ

ɒɟԙɛɟɪɞɿ ɛԧɥɭɞɟɝɿ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɝɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚɥɚɪ
ɠԛɪɝɿɡɟɦɿɡ. ɀɚɧɚɦɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿɥɟɪ ɬԛɫɿɪɟɦɿɡ, ɚɥ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ԥɪ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ
ɤɟɥɟɫɿɫɿ, ɚɥɞɵԙԑɵ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿɞɟɧ ɛɿɪ ɛԧɥɿɤɤɟ ɤɟɦ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪɚɞɵ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, 3-
ɧԛɤɬɟɞɟɧ ԛɲ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɪɫɟɤ, ɤɟɥɟɫɿ 2-ɧԛɤɬɟɞɟɧ ɬԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ
ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿ ɟɤɿ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɞɵ. Ɍԛɫɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧ ɛɿɪ-
ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɵɩ, ɤɟɪɟɤ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɧɵ ɚɥɚɦɵɡ.

ɗɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɧɵԙ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɥɿɤ ɬԛɪɞɟɝɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɬԛɡɭɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ
ɲɟԙɛɟɪ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɚɭɧɚɩ ɨɬɵɪɭ (ɚɣɧɚɥɭ) ɲɚɪɬɵɧɚɧ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ:

‰ (6.4)

ȺɆ 0 ȺɆ .

ɗɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚԑɚ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ( tt ) ɦɟɧ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɧɵԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ ( ɈɆ ) ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɫԛɣɿɪ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵ D ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɿɤ. Ȼԝɥ
ɛԝɪɵɲ, ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɥɚɪ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵɧɞɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɞɿΝ ɛΡɪɵɲɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.

Ȼɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɧ ( ɈɆ 0 ) ɤɟɡɟɤɬɟɝɿ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɬɵԙ ( ɈɆ )

ɚɪɚɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲ T ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɥɵΙ ɛΡɪɵɲɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ
ԕɚɬɚɪ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵɧ r ԥɪɩɿɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɫɟɤ, (6.4) ɲɚɪɬɵ:
r ˜ D T r ˜ tgD Ÿ T tgD D
(6.5)

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