Page 419 - index

Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, Ⱥc ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ, ɗ1 ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ ncnc ɫɵɡɵԑɵɧɵԙ

ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɫɚ, ɚɥ ɗ2 ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɫɵɧɚ – n n ɫɵɡɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ
ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ȱɥɿɧɿɫɤɟɧ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɬԛɣɿɫɭ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ɨɪɧɵ (ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɦɵɫɚɥɞɚ – Ⱥȼ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿɫɿ) ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ɫɵɡɵΕɵ ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.

ɗɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɨɪɬɚԕ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɿԙ ɨɫɶɬɟɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɫɵɡɵԕɩɟɧ ԕɢɵɥɵɫɭ
ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɨɪɵɧԑɚ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɚɞɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ
ɬɟɨɪɟɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɛɟɪɿɥɿɫ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧɵԙ u21 ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:

u 21 r rw1 , (6.7)
rw2

ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ rw1 lO1P ɠԥɧɟ rw2 lO2P – ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɬɚɪɵ ( P
– ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ɩɨɥɸɫɿ). ȱɲɬɟɣ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɩɥɸɫ ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵ, ɚɥ ɫɵɪɬɬɚɣ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɦɢɧɭɫ ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵ ɛɟɪɿɥɟɞɿ.

ȱɥɿɧɿɫɭ ɫɵɡɵԑɵ ɦɟɧ ɨɫɶɬɟɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɫɵɡɵԕԕɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɞɵԙ

ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ɛΡɪɵɲɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɵɩ, D w ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɧɟɞɿ.

'Ɉ1 ȺɊ ɠԥɧɟ 'Ɉ2 ȼɊ ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲɬɚɪɵɧɚɧ:

r1 rw1 cosD w ɠԥɧɟ r2 rw2 cosD w . (6.8)

ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɥɵԕ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ɛɟɪɿɥɿɫ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ
ɲɟԙɛɟɪɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ

u 21 r r1 . (6.9)
r2

2.3. ɌɿɫɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ Ϋɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿ. ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ, ɬɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɚɥɵԕ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɿ ɬɿɫɬɿ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵɧ, ɹԑɧɢ ɤɟɪɟɤɬɿ ɛɟɪɿɥɿɫ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɚɥɭɞɵ ԕɚɧɚԑɚɬɬɚɧɞɵɪɚɬɵɧɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɞɿ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɞɿԙ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ
ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ, ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɤɟɡɟɤɬɟ, ɬɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ. Ⱥɥ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɞɿ, ɬɿɫɤɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɫɵɡɵԕɬɵԕ
ɲɚɦɚɧɵԙ ԛɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ɵԙԑɚɣɥɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɍԛɫɿɧɿɤɬɿ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿ d ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵɧ ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤɬɿԙ ɬɿɫɬɟɪɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɣɿɤ,

ɹԑɧɢ:

z pz ,
Sd

ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ ɪ – ɚɣɧɚɥɵɦ ԕɚɞɚɦɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɿ d ɲɟԙɛɟɪ ɞɨԑɚɫɵɧɵԙ

ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɧɝɟɧ, ɤԧɪɲɿ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɬɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɧԛɤɬɟɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ɚɪɚԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԑɵ. Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ:

d pz Ÿ d mz , (6.10)
S

ɛԝɥ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ m – ɬɿɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ, ɚɣɧɚɥɵɦ ԕɚɞɚɦɵɧɵԙ S ɫɚɧɵɧɚ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ.

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