Page 421 - index
P. 421
96-ɫɭɪɟɬ
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɞɿԙ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵɧ, ha , h f , s ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵɧɚ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɦԥɧɞɟɪ
ɛɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ԕɚɧɚԑɚɬɬɚɧɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
2.4. ΘɚɛɵɫΙɚɧ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ΙΡɪɭ ɬΩɫɿɥɞɟɪɿ. Ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɿɥɿɧɿɫɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ
ɤԧɩɲɿɥɿɝɿ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɤɟɫɤɿɲ ɚɫɩɚɩɬɚɪɦɟɧ ɤɟɫɭɞɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ԧԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ
ԕԛɪɵɥԑɚɧ. Ɍɿɫ ɤɟɫɟɬɿɧ ɚɫɩɚɩɬɵԙ ɤɟɫɤɿɲ ɠɢɟɝɿɧɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ, ɠɚɥɩɵ ɚɥԑɚɧɞɚ,
ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɫɿɡ ԛɲ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɬɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɞɵ: ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ – ɤɟɫɭ
ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɚɫɩɚɩ ɛɟɤɿɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɚɛɚɧԑɚ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɬԛɡɭɫɵɡɵԕɬɵ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ, ɚɥ ɨɫɵ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɟɬ –
ɚɫɩɚɩɬɵԕ ɛɟɬ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ; ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ – ԧԙɞɟɥɟɬɿɧ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚɧɵ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ
ΙɨɡΕɚɥɭ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ; ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ – ɠɿɛɟɪɭ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɤɟɫɭ ɤԛɲɿɧ
ɚɡɚɣɬɭ ɦɚԕɫɚɬɵɧɞɚ, ɚɫɩɚɩɬɵ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚԑɚ ɛɿɪɬɿɧɞɟɩ ɠɚԕɵɧɞɚɬɭ.
Ԕɚɛɵɫԕɚɧ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɞɟɪɞɿ ɠɚɫɚɭɞɵԙ: ɤΫɲɿɪɦɟ ɬΩɫɿɥɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɦɚ ɬΩɫɿɥɿ
ɫɢɹԕɬɵ ɟɤɿ ɬԥɫɿɥɿɧɟ ɤԧԙɿɥ ɚɭɞɚɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɄΫɲɿɪɦɟ ɬΩɫɿɥɿɧɞɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɭ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɬɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛԛɣɿɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɿ ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɬɿԙ
ɤԧɲɿɪɦɟɫɿɧɟ ԝԕɫɚɣɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɬԥɫɿɥ ɠɢɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɦɚɣɞɵ ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɬɿɫɤɟɫɤɿɲ
ɚɫɩɚɩɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɿɧ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɟɬɟɞɿ. Ɍɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɣɧɚɥɦɚ ɬԥɫɿɥɿɦɟɧ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ, ɬɿɫɬɟɪ ɛԛɣɿɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɿ ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɬɿԙ ɬԛɪɿɧɟ ԑɚɧɚ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ ɚɣɧɚɥɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɭԑɚ ɞɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ɬɟɤ ɛɿɪ ԑɚɧɚ ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɠɚɡɵԕɬɵԕɬɵ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚɞɚɧ
ɤɨɧɭɫɬɵԕ ɛɟɬɬɿ, ɫɮɟɪɚɥɵԕ ɛɟɬɬɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɚԑɵ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɞɚ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɚɥɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱥɣɧɚɥɦɚ ɬԥɫɿɥɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧ ԕɚɥɚԑɚɧ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɿ Ɉɥɢɜɶɟ
(Ɍɟɨɞɨɪ Ɉɥɢɜɶɟ, 1793-1858 ) ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ. Ɉɥ ɨɫɵ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿԙ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɿɧ ԝɫɵɧԑɚɧɞɵ.
Ɍԥɫɿɥɞɿԙ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬԛɪɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ – ɬɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɛɚɬɬɚɫɭ ɛɟɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɟɤɟɭɿ ɞɟ ɛɿɪ
ԑɚɧɚ, ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ ԕɚɛɵɫɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɞɟɧ ԧɡɝɟɲɟ ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɩɟɧ ɤɟɫɿɥɟɞɿ
(ɠɚɫɚɥɚɞɵ). Ⱥɥ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɬԛɪɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ – ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɛɟɬ ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ
ԕɚɛɵɫɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɿɪɟɭɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚ – ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ
ԕɚɛɵɫɭɲɵ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
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