Page 423 - index
P. 423
98-ɫɭɪɟɬ
Ⱥɫɩɚɩ ɩɟɧ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚԑɚ ɛɟɪɿɥɟɬɿɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ, ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɬԛɡɭ ɛԧɥɝɿɲ
ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ɫɵɪԑɚɧɚɭɫɵɡ ɚɣɧɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪɚɬɵɧɞɚɣ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɍɿɫ
ɠɚɫɚɭɲɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɤɬɵԙ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ: ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɚɫɩɚɩ ɩɟɧ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚɧɵԙ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭɥɚɪɵ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɫԥɣɤɟɫɬɟɧɞɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɛɨɥɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ȼԝɥ ɧԝɫԕɚɞɚ, ɬɿɫɬɿԙ ԕɚɥɵԙɞɵԑɵ (ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ
ԧɥɲɟɝɟɧɞɟ), ɪɟɣɤɚɧɵԙ ɨɣɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɟɧɿɦɟɧ (ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɬԛɡɭɞɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɧɞɚԑɵ) ɛɿɪɞɟɣ
ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ:
s 0,5S m . (6.11)
ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ɧԝɫԕɚɞɚ (98-ɫɭɪɟɬ), ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɬԛɡɭ ɋɋ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚɧɵԙ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟɧ
ɚɭɵɬԕɵɩ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ, ɚɥ ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɬԛɡɭɞɟɧ xm ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ( x – ɚɭɵɬԕɭ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ) ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɬԛɡɭ ɇɇ ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ
ɫɵɪԑɚɧɚɭɫɵɡ ɚɣɧɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪɚɞɵ.
Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɧԝɫԕɚɞɚ, ɬɿɫɬɿԙ ԕɚɥɵԙɞɵԑɵ (ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ
ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɝɟɧɞɟ) ɪɟɣɤɚɧɵԙ ɨɣɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɟɧɿɦɟɧ (ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɇɇ ɬԛɡɭɿɧɿԙ
ɛɨɣɵɧɞɚԑɵ) ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ:
s 0,5S m 2xm tgD . (6.12)
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɤԧɪɿɧɿɩ ɬԝɪԑɚɧɞɚɣ, ɟɝɟɪ x 0 ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɲɟԙɛɟɪɞɿԙ
ɛɨɣɵɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɧɝɟɧ ɬɿɫɬɿԙ ԕɚɥɵԙɞɵԑɵ ɞԧԙɝɟɥɟɤɬɿԙ ɚɭɵɬԕɭɫɵɡ ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧ
ɬɿɫɿɧɟɧ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɧԝɫԕɚɞɚ (100-ɫɭɪɟɬ), ɛԧɥɝɿɲ ɬԛɡɭ ɋɋ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɦɚɧɵԙ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɧɟ
ԕɚɪɚɣ ɚɭɵɬԕɵɩ, xm ԕɚɲɵԕɬɵԕɬɚ ( x – ɚɭɵɬԕɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ, ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵ ɬɟɪɿɫ)
ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ.
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