Page 436 - index

Ɍԥɪɟɥɤɟ ɬԥɪɿɡɞɟɫ ɢɬɟɪɝɿɲɬɿ ɠԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɧɿԙ ɠԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚɫɵ
ɞԧԙɟɫ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ⱦԧԙɟɫɬɿɤɬɿԙ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ, ɥɟɡɞɿɤ ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɭɲɵ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ (ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɠԝɩɬɵ ɬԧɪɬɛɭɵɧɞɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ) ԛɲɿɧ ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ
ɩɥɚɧɵɧɚɧ ɚɥɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ⱥɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɧɿԙ 3 -ɛɭɵɧɵ (ɲɬɪɢɯ ɫɵɡɵԕɩɟɧ

ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ) ɫɵɪԑɚԕɩɟɧ ( 2 ) ɿɥɝɟɪɿɥɦɟɥɿ, ɚɥ ɢɿɧɬɿɪɟɤɩɟɧ ( ɈɄ1 ) – ɚɣɧɚɥɦɚɥɵ
ɠԝɩ ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ. ɂɿɧɬɿɪɟɤɬɿԙ ɛɿɪԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ɚɥɦɚɫɬɵɪɭɲɵ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɵɪԑɚԑɵɧɵԙ ( 2 ) ԛɞɟɭɿ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ

aK2 a n aKc 2K1 , (7.11)
K1
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɝɿ Ʉ 2 – ɢɿɧɬɿɪɟɤɬɿԙ Ʉ1
ɫɵɪԑɚԕɬɵԙ ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ. ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɦɟɧ ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɫԥɬɬɟ ɞԥɥ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧ

Ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɥɚɧɵɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɧɿԙ ɧԝɫԕɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ (ɫɯɟɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ) pk2k1
ԛɲɛԝɪɵɲ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɬԝɪԑɵɡɚɦɵɡ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟ, ɩɨɥɸɫ ɪ ɠԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɿɧɿԙ

ԕɢɫɵԕɬɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɦɟɧ ( Ʉ1 ), ɚɥ k1 ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿ – ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɦɟɧ ( Ɉ )

ɛɟɬɬɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ. Ԛɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɩɥɚɧɵɧɵԙ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ:
Z~ 2lOK1
Pa OK1 { PlZ~ 2 .

Ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɝɿ Z~ – ɠԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚɧɵԙ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɵԕ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ. Ԛɞɟɭ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧ

ɛɟɣɧɟɥɟɣɬɿɧ ɤɟɫɿɧɞɿ:

pk 2 aK 2 .
Pl Z2

ȿɝɟɪ scc d 2s – ɢɬɟɪɝɿɲ ԛɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿ, ɚɥ a K 2 sccZ 2 ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ
dM 2

pk 2 scc .
Pl

ɀԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɿɧɿԙ ԕɢɫɵԕɬɵԕ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵɧɵԙ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɩɟɧ ( R0 )

ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ 107-ɫɭɪɟɬɬɟɧ ɚɥɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɞɟɦɟɤ, U scc R0 s . Ⱦԧԙɟɫ

ɠԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚ ԛɲɿɧ U 0 , ɹԑɧɢ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ R0 :

R0 scc s (7.12)

ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ԕɚɧɚԑɚɬɬɚɧɞɵɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ɀԝɞɵɪɵԕɲɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɿɧɿԙ ɬԛɣɿɫɭ (ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ) ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɪɬɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ

ԕɢɫɵԕɬɵԕ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ U 0 ɛɨɥɦɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ, ɹԑɧɢ R0 z scc s . ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, U Umin
ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɥɵɩ, ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ:

R0 scc s Umin . (7.13)

ɀɭɵԕɬɚɩ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɫɚ,

R0 scmcax , (7.14)

ɛԝɥ ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɟɝɿ sccmax – ɢɬɟɪɝɿɲɬɿԙ ɬɟɪɿɫ ɬɚԙɛɚɥɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ
( max ) ԛɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿ.

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