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Ȼɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɩɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞiԙ ԕɚɣɵɪɵɥɦɚɫ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ԧɡɝɟɪiɫɬɟɪi,
ɤԧɛɿɧɟɫɟ, ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɦɟɧ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ԝԑɵɦɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ, ɦɨɥ
ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɦɟɧ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭɥɟɪ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɩ ɨɬɵɪ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɿɧɞɟ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ ɦɟɧ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɲɟɤɬɟɩ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɭɿɩɬɿ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɦԥɧi,
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪ iɫɬɟɧ ɲɵԑɚɬɵɧ (ɫɵɧɚɬɵɧ) ɲɚɦɚɞɚɧ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɛɨɥɭɵɧ ԕɚɦɬɚɦɚɫɵɡ
ɟɬɭ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɞɟɩ ɫɚɧɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ȿɧɞɿ
ɨɫɵ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧɞɚɪԑɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɛɟɪiɤɬiɤ iɥiɦɿɧɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɲɵԑɚɪɭ
ɠɨɫɩɚɪɵɧ ɠɚɫɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɠɨɫɩɚɪɞɵ ԕɵɫԕɚɲɚ ɬԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɫɚԕ:

1. ɀɨɛɚɥɚɧɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹԑɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɫɚɧɵ ɦɟɧ ɫɚɩɚɫɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Iɲɤi ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞi, ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞi ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ;

2. Ʉԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ (ɫɵɪɬԕɵ, iɲɤi) ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɤɬɟɪɿɧ
ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪ ɦɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɧ ɠɚɫɚɥɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɩ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɫɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɵԙ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ;

3. Ԕɚɭɿɩɬɿ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ, ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ;

4. Ȼɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ)
ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɩ ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɥԑɚɧ
ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.

Ɍԝɠɵɪɵɦɞɚɥԑɚɧ «ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧ» ɞԝɪɵɫ ɠԥɧɟ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɥɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɤɟɣɛɿɪ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ, ɨɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧɟɧ
ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɬɿɧɿɧ, ɹԑɧɢ ɨɧɵԙ ɠɟɤɟɥɟɧɝɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿ ɿɫɬɟɧ ɲɵԑɵɩ
ԕɚɥԑɚɧɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɦɚɣ, ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɬԕɚɪɚ ɛɟɪɟɬɿɧɿɧ ɟɫɬɟ ԝɫɬɚɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧɵԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ
«ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ» ɞɟɝɟɧ ԝԑɵɦ ɤɿɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟ
ɛɟɪiɤɬiɤ iɥiɦɿɧɿԙ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɿɧ ɲɟɲɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ ԕɵɫԕɚɲɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɿɩ ɨɬɵɪ. Ⱥɥ ɛԝɥ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿԙ «ԕɵɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɫɵɪɵ» ԧɬɟ ɤԧɩ, ɨɥɚɪ ɛɟɪiɤɬiɤ iɥiɦiɧiԙ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɬɚɪɚɭɥɚɪɵɧɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.

2-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɌԚɁɍ ɋɕɊɕԔɌɕԘ ɋɈɁɕɅɍɕ ɀԤɇȿ ɋɕԐɕɅɍɕ

Ʉɿɪɿɫɩɟɧɿԙ 2-ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɵɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɚɥɬɵ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ
(N, Qx, Qy, Mb, Mx, My) ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥ ɟɤɟɧɿ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ. Ⱥɥ
ɫɨɥ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԥɪ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ ɛԥɪɿ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚ ɛɟɪɦɟɣɬɿɧɿ
ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɵԕ ɤԧɪɿɧɟɬɿɧɿ ɞɟ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ. ɒɵɧɵɧɞɚ ɞɚ, ɟɝɟɪ ɛɿɪ
ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɟɤɿ-ԛɲ, ɬɿɩɬɿ, ɨɞɚɧ ɞɚ ɤԧɩ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɛɚɫԕɚ ԕɢɦɚɞɚ ɛɿɪ-ɚԕ
ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ. Ɉɫɵ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɧɲɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬԛɪɿ ԥɪԕɢɥɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɤɟɥɟɞɿ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ ɞɚ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ. ȿɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ ɲɵԑɚɪɭ
ɵԙԑɚɣɥɵ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɿɲɤɿ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɵɧɚ
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ

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