Page 476 - index

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ, ɨɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɠԝɦɵɫ ɿɫɬɟɭɿ ԕɚɭɿɩɫɿɡ ɛɨɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɨɥ

ɤɟɪɧɟɭ (Vmax) ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɞɟɧ ɚɫɩɚɭɵ ɤɟɪɟɤ:

V max Vɲ . (4.1)
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Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟ Vɲ – ԕɚɪɚɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥԑɚ ɬԥɧ ɲɟɤɬɿɤ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ, ɚɥ ɤi-
ԕɚɭɿɩɫɿɡɞɿɤ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԕɨɪ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ

ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɤɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɛɿɡ ԥɪɛɿɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥԑɚ ɨɧɵԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɞɟɩ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɿɦɿɡɝɟ

ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, Vɲ >V @ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɦɟɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɩ, ɨɧɵ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿ
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ɞɟɩ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ. ɒɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ. ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ

ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ Vɲ =Vɚ, ɚɥ ɦɨɪɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ - Vɲ = Vɭ ɞɟɩ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ.

ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿ ɚԕԕɵɲɬɵԕ ɲɟɝɿɧɟɧ
ɤi - ɟɫɟ, ɚɥ ɦɨɪɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿ ɭɚԕɵɬɲɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɟɧ ɤi- ɟɫɟ
ɤɟɦ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɤɟɪɟɤ, ɹԑɧɢ:

>V @ Vɲ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ >V @ Vɭ . (4.2)
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ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɝɟɧɞɟ, ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ (4.3)

V max d >V @

ɛɨɥɵɩ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ.

§2. ɋɨɡɵɥԑɚɧ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵԑɵɥԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ

ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ

ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɥɿɤ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪ ɬɟɤ ԕɚɧɚ ɛԝɥ ɬԥɫɿɥɦɟɧ ɲɟɲɿɥɦɟɣɬɿɧɿɧ ɬɚԑɵ ɞɚ
ԕɚɣɬɚɥɚɣ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɨɫɵ ɬԥɫɿɥɞɿԙ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɞɟ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɭɵɧɚ ɬɨɥɵԑɵɪɚԕ
ɬɨԕɬɚɥɚɣɵԕ.

Ȼɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɤɟɥɟɫɿɞɟɣ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɥɿɤ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞɿ ɲɟɲɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:

1. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɨɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭɝɟ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɭɿɩɬɿ ԕɢɦɚɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ (Vmax) ɬɚɭɵɩ, ɨɧɵ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɦɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧɟɧ r 5%-ɞɚɧ ɚɪɬɵԕ
ɚɭɵɬԕɵɦɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. ȿɝɟɪ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɛԝɥ ɲɚɦɚɞɚɧ ɤɟɦ ɛɨɥɫɚ (5%-ɞɚɧ),
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɚԙ ɲɵԑɵɧɵ ɤԧɩ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɵ, ɚɥ ɚɪɬɵԕ ɛɨɥɫɚ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɤɟ ɧԝԕɫɚɧ
ɤɟɥɭɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ.

2. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɤԧɥɞɟɧɟԙ ԕɢɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ
ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿɧ ɬɚԑɚɣɵɧɞɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɤԛɲ ɩɟɧ ɲɟɤɬɟɭ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.

N max d Ⱥ ˜ >V @ (4.4)

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