Page 630 - index

7-ɫɭɪɟɬ 8-ɫɭɪɟɬ

3-ɬɚɪɚɭ. ɉȱɋȱɊɍ ȺɊԔɕɅɕ ȻȱɊȱɄɌȱɊɍ

ɉɿɫɿɪɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɭ (ɩɿɫɿɪɿɩ ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɭ) ɚɠɵɪɚɬɵɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ
ɟɤɟɧɿ ԧɬɤɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɭɞɚ ɚɣɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ. Ȼԝɞɚɧ ɛԝɪɵɧ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ
ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɭɥɟɪɝɟ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ, ɛԝɥ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɟɪɟɤɲɟɥɿɝɿ – ɛԝɥ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚ
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ (ɛɨɥɬ, ɬɨɣɬɚɪɦɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.) ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ, ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɵɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ, ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɠɚɩɫɚɪɥɚɪɞɚ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ.
Ȼɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɿɥɭɞɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ, ɩɿɫɿɪɿɥɭ ɠɚɩɫɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɧɵ
ԕɨɪɲɚԑɚɧ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿɥɿɝɿ ɦɟɧ ԛɡɞɿɤɫɿɡɞɿɝɿɧɟ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

§1. ɇɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɦɚԑɥԝɦɚɬɬɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɭɵ
Ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɡɚɦɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɦɚɲɢɧɚԕԝɪɭɞɚ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɭɞɿԙ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪɿ ɤԧɩ ɬɟ,
ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ. Ɉɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԥɪԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɫɚɥɚɞɚ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. ɉɿɫɿɪɭɞɿԙ
ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟ ɤԧɩ ɬɚɪɚԑɚɧɵ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɬɨɝɵɦɟɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪ ɬɨԑɵɦɟɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɭɞɿԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɟɤɿ ɬԛɪɿɧ ɚɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɨɥɚɪ: ɞɨΕɚɥɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵɥɵ (ɟɤɿ ɛɟɬɬɿԙ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɠɚɧɚɫɭɵ).
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɞɨԑɚɥɵ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵ ɟɪɿɬɭɝɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɞɨΕɚɫɵɧɵΝ Ιɵɡɭɵ
ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɦɟɬɚɥԑɚ ԕɨɪɲɚԑɚɧ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɡɢɹɧɵ ɬɢɦɟɭ ԛɲɿɧ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԙ ɛɟɬɿ ԕɚɥɵԙ ԕɨɪԑɚɭɲɵ ɫɵɥɚԕɩɟɧ ɫɵɥɚɧɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɫɵɥɚԕɬɚɧ, ԧɡ
ɤɟɡɟɝɿɧɞɟ, ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɲɥɚɤ (ɧɟɦ. Schlacke – ΙɚɥɞɵΙ ɛɚɥΙɵɬɩɚ) ɩɟɧ ɝɚɡ ɛԧɥɿɧɿɩ
ɲɵԑɚɞɵ ɞɚ, ɨɥɚɪ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹɥɚɭɲɵ (ԕɵɦɬɚɭɲɵ) ɨɪɬɚɧɵ ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ
ɦɚԕɫɚɬɬɚ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ɮɥɸɫɬɿԙ (ɠɚɩɫɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵ
ɤɟɬɿɪɭɝɟ ɚɪɧɚɥԑɚɧ ɡɚɬ) ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ
ԕɨɥɦɟɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɭɝɟ ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ 10 y 20 ɟɫɟ ԧɧɿɦɞɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ɠɚɩɫɚɪɦɚɧɵԙ ɫɚɩɚɫɵ ɞɚ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ԕɨɥɦɟɧ ɩɿɫɿɪɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ
ɠɚɩɫɚɪɦɚ, ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɟɧ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɵɧɚɧ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɫɚ (9 ɚ-ɫɭɪɟɬ), ɚɥ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ, ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɟɧ, ɨɥ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɿԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɵɧɚɧ (9 Ω-
ɫɭɪɟɬ) ԕԝɪɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ԕɚɥɵԙɞɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿ ɛɿɪɿɤɬɿɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɲɥɚɤɬɵ ɩɿɫɿɪɭ ԥɞɿɫɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ԥɞɿɫɬɟ, ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɩɿɫɿɪɭɝɟ
ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ ԕɵɡɭ ɬɨɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɧ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɤɟ ɲɥɚɤ ɜɚɧɧɚɫɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ԧɬɤɟɧɞɟ
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.

628