Page 553 - index

U ³U0dV . (8.44)

V

Ɍɨɥɵԕ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵԕ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɟɤɿɝɟ – ɤԧɥɟɦ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɭ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɚ (Uɨɤ) ɠԥɧɟ ɩɿɲɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɚ (Uɨɩ) ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ. Ɉɥɚɪɞɵ
ԕɨɪɵɬɵɩ ɠɚɬɩɚɣ-ɚԕ, ɬɟɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɟɣɿɤ:

U ok 1 2P V 1 V 2 V 3 , (8.45)
6E

U ɨɩ 1 P ¬ªV1 V 2 2 V 2 V3 2 V 3 V1 2 ¼º . (8.46)
6ȿ

ȿɝɟɪ ɫɨԙԑɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɧɵ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɨɫɶɬɟɪ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɫɟɤ,

> @ Uɨɩ1 P 2 1
6ȿ Vx V y 2 V y Vz 2 Vz Vx 2G W 2 W 2 W 2 . (8.47)
xy yz zx

Ʉɟɪɧɟɥɝɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɤԛɣɥɟɪɝɟ ɧɟɝiɡ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɛiɪɧɟɲɟ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɪɞi ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
1-ɟɫɟɩ. Ԧɬɟ ԕɚɥɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ ԕɚɬɚԙ ɬɚԕɬɚɧɵԙ ɞԥɥ ɨɪɬɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɚɛɚɧɵ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ, ɚɥ ɬɟɪɟԙɞɿɝɿ 10 ɦɦ ԕɭɵɫ ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧ (111-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
Ɍɚɛɚɧɵɧɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿ (ɟɧɿ ɦɟɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ): 10,001ɯ10,001ɦɦ. Ɉɫɵ ԕɭɵɫԕɚ
ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪɿ 10ɯ10ɯ10 ɦɦ ɦɵɫɬɚɧ ɠɚɫɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɟ ɤɭɛ (ɤɭɛɲɚ) ɤɿɪɝɿɡɿɥɿɩ

ԕɨɣɵɥԑɚɧ (Ɇɵɫ ԛɲɿɧ: E 1˜106 ɤɝ / ɫɦ2 , P 0,32 ). Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ԕɭɵɫ ɩɟɧ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɟ

ɤɭɛɬɵԙ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɫɚԙɵɥɚɭ ɛɚɪ (0,001ɦɦ). Ɉɫɵ ɤɿɲɤɟɧɟ ɤɭɛɬɵ 1000 ɤɝ ɤԛɲɩɟɧ
ԛɫɬɿɧɟɧ ɛɚɫɵɩ ɫɵԑɚɞɵ.
Ԛɲ ɛɚɫ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɞɿ ɬɚɛɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ. Ʉɭɛɬɵԙ ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɛɟɬɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɬԛɫɟɬɿɧ ɫɵԑɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɿ

ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵ V 3 ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ.

V3 P 1000 1000ɤɝ / ɫɦ 2 .
A 1

111-ɫɭɪɟɬ

Ɍɚԕɬɚɞɚԑɵ ԕɭɵɫɬɚ, ɨԑɚɧ ɤɿɪɝɿɡɿɥɿɩ ԕɨɣɵɥԑɚɧ ɤɭɛɬɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɛɚɫ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ

V1 V2.

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