Page 556 - index

ı1 = [ı]ɫɡ (9.1)

Ȼԝɥ ɠɟɪɞɟɝɿ [ı]ɫɡ– ɫɨɡɵɥɭɞɚԑɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ.
Ԥ. ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɢɪɚɭɵɧɵԙ ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɫɨɡɵɥɭ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɿ
ɟɦɟɫ, ԕɢɪɚɭɞɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɫɟɛɟɛɿ – ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԝɡɚɪɭ ɞɟɝɟɧ ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥɞɵ
Ɇɚɪɢɨɬɬɵԙ 1686 ɠɵɥԑɵ, ɇɚɜɶɟɧɿԙ 1826 ɠɵɥԑɵ, ɋɟɧ-ȼɟɧɚɧɧɵԙ 1837 ɠɵɥԑɵ,
ɉɨɧɫɟɥɟɧɿԙ 1839 ɠɵɥԑɵ ɟԙɛɟɤɬɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɫɬɿɪɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ
ԝɡɚɪɭ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ƚɭɤ ɡɚԙɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:

H max H1 1 >V 1 P V 2 V 3 @,
E

ɚɥ ԕɚɪɚɩɚɣɵɦ ɫɨɡɵɥɭ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɞɚ:

H max V max .
E

Ȼԝɥ ɟɤɿ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɧ, ԕɢɪɚɭ ɤɟɡɟԙɿɧɞɟɝi ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:

V max V 1 PV 2 V 3 .

Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɲɚɪɬɵ: (9.2)

V 1 PV 2 V 3 d >V @.

Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɚ ԥɦɛɟɛɚɩ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɦɟɣɞɿ. Ʉɟɣɞɟ
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿɫi ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɦɟɧ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɫɟ, ɤɟɣɞɟ - ɟɤɿɧɲɿɫɿ. Ⱦɟɝɟɧɦɟɧ, ɬԝɬɚɫ
ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿ ɞɟɧɟ ԛɲɿɧ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɧɵԙ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɬɟ ԝɫɬɚԑɚɧ
ɚɪɬɵԕ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
Ȼ. Ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥ. Ԕɚɡɿɪɝɿ ɤɟɡɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ԧɡ ɦɚԑɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɥɬɩɚԑɚɧ
ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥ Ɍɪɟɫɤɚ ɦɟɧ ɋɟɧ-ȼɟɧɚɧɧɵԙ ɚɬɵɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɨɣɞɵ 1773
ɠɵɥɵ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ ɮɢɡɢɝi Ʉɭɥɨɧ ɞɚ ɚɣɬԕɚɧ ɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ ɠɨɪɚɦɚɥ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ,

ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɚԑɵ ԕɚɭɿɩɬɿ ɤԛɣ, ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭ (Wmax) ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ
ɲɚɦɚԑɚ ɠɟɬɤɟɧɞɟ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵԑɚɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ, ɦԝɧɵ ɟԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ
ɤɟɪɧɟɭ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ԛɲɿɧɲɿ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ.
ȿԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɞɿԙ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ԧɬɤɟɧ ɬɚɪɚɭɞɚ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԑɚɧ ɟɞiɤ.

W max 1 V 1 V 3
2

ȿԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ ɤɟɪɧɟɭɥɟɪɿ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɤԛɣɥɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɭɿɩɬɿɥɿɤɬɟɪɿ ɞɟ
ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɞɟɩ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɣɦɵɡ (113-ɫɭɪɟɬ).

113-ɫɭɪɟɬ

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